短文改錯

短文改錯篇一：高中英語短文改錯解題技巧

短 文 改 錯 技 巧

“短文改錯”題是各類考試中的一個重要題型。盡管該題難度不大，但仍有一些同學在做此類題目時不得要領(lǐng)，因而得分甚少。本文結(jié)合高考試題(出處被略去)，對“短文改錯”題中的常見錯誤加以分析，從中找出命題者設置錯誤的規(guī)律并介紹一些解題技巧。

名詞方面的錯誤多指名詞單復數(shù)形式的誤用，可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的錯誤，名詞所有格中“’s”的誤置等。例如:

1. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.

2. In summer, the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful.

3. ... you’ve been settled down in Boston and are getting used to the local ways of life.

4. ... but she marked strictly on student’s actual performance ...

動詞錯誤在短文改錯中所占比重最大，它所涉及的錯誤包括動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤；易混動詞的用法錯誤；動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)錯誤；動詞的非謂語形式，以及動詞的句型搭配錯誤等。在改錯題中，動詞方面的考查比例較大。例如:

1. The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon ...

2. I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person.

3. How about join us? The camp is at the foot of a small hill.

4. I’ll send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport.

這類錯誤多指誤用形容詞修飾形容詞，誤用副詞修飾名詞，誤用形容詞修飾動詞，誤用形容詞或副詞的原級、比較級和最高級以及誤用帶-ly的副詞與不帶-ly的副詞等，特別注意根據(jù)上下文該用比較級而未用的“暗中比較”。例如:

1. They came back lately and had some tea.

2.... you always gave me specially attention ...

3. ... they fly down immediate and catch them without delay.

4. Yes，it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from ...

5. I know you are particular interested in Human Rights.

6. Last year, my English teacher proved to be the more popular in our school.

短文改錯中出現(xiàn)連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確，是否符合句子意思；連接的是詞還是句子，是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。此外如果是平行結(jié)構(gòu)就要注意前后時態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性一致問題平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助與并列連詞and, or, but, not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…, neither …nor…, as well as等，though不與but連用，because不與so連用等。

1. It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water.

2. I became very active but made new friends.

3. My hometown is a pretty city, so people there are kind and polite.

4. While they find fish come to the surface, they fly down immediately.

5. Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again.

這類錯誤主要包括形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞的誤用，關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞的誤用，代詞主格與代詞賓格的誤用，代詞單數(shù)與代詞復數(shù)的誤用，各個不定代詞之間的誤用，反身代詞與代詞賓格之間的誤用，代詞的指代錯誤，定語從句中多用代詞等。

1. ... the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves.

2. a lot of white birds come to my city for food. I can wait patiently above the sea for quite a long ...

3. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child，they will go hungry.

4. That night, we sat down to what they thought would be a pleasant, uninterrupted ...

5. I just smiled to me and thought ...

6.... your life in your country is quite different from me.

7. Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very exciting.

這類錯誤多指漏掉介詞、多用介詞或介詞與其他詞語搭配的錯誤等。例如:

1. The crowd waiting for to greet them in England was very surprised ...

2. He was looking for a glass the cupboard.

3. After autumn arrives，the city looks as an old man with leaves ...

4. ... he can no longer expect others to pay his food, his clothes ...

5. On the front door stood a five-year-old boy from across the street.

6. Could you share your experience for us?

7. My mother was a career woman and had her own problems to take care.

這類錯誤多指a(n)與the的誤用，a與an的誤用。有時也表現(xiàn)為:單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面該用冠詞的地方缺少冠詞，不該用冠詞的地方多了冠詞。例如:

1. An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the

balloon in 1784.

2.... the popular teacher is at same time the one who should be strict with ...

3. And if he breaks the law of society ..., he may go to the prison.

4.... so we will have plenty of spare time to visit the area and have a fun.

這類錯誤主要為現(xiàn)在時態(tài)與過去時態(tài)、主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的誤用。做題時，應注意把握文中動詞時態(tài)的呼應規(guī)律，注意把握諸個并列動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)的呼應規(guī)律。例如:

1. We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel before.

2. Today，I got a letter that said I had been admitting to a college.

3. We hung a sign on the front door that was read: “We’re having dinner ...”

4.... sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on.

5. I’ll send my friend Charlie to meet you at the airport when you arrived.

這類錯誤主要指主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞形式的錯誤。因此做題時，要注意謂語動詞的形式要和句子主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例如:

1. “I just want to know what the sign say.”

2. Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish.

3. Here are the information about Manchester University.

4. What may surprise you are that I’m going to ...

主要考查介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配；副詞、動詞的固定搭配；及物動詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動詞后少介詞，英語中的一些固定句型與習慣搭配等。

1. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“寫日記”.

2. In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.To one’s surprise 是固定搭配

3. I thought that was dull to watch a game… 此題考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。

要想做好“短文改錯”題，不妨試試分成“四步走”，遵循“四原則”，實施“四查法”。具

字逐行地進行修改。

后再根據(jù)具體語境，仔細分析判斷，將注意力集中在較難的句子上。

用法要記��；句子結(jié)構(gòu)多分析，邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注”的口訣行事。

全文，并利用語感來做最后的判斷。

縱觀近幾年的“短文改錯”題，正確的地方只有一處；多詞和缺詞的地方約有3處；用錯詞的地方一般有6個，且多為動詞。這種比例或許也能幫助你做出最后判斷。

題要求每行只能改動一處，改動的方法可以是增詞、刪詞或換詞，但無論作何種改動，只能是增加一詞、減少一詞或把一個詞改成另一個詞。當然，沒有錯誤的行無需改動。也就是說，每行改動之處不能超過一個。

實詞的詞義，也不能將其改換成另一個實詞，更不能隨便增刪。例如:

① The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon ... (把keeps改為keeping) ② Yes, it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from ... (把clearly改為clear)

3至4處。這些需要添、刪的詞一般都是虛詞(如冠詞、介詞等)，不是實詞(如動詞、名詞等)，否則會改變句子的原意。例如:

① They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early ... (刪去that)

② He was looking for a glass the cupboard. (the前面加in)

應該針對短文中的用詞錯誤、語法錯誤、邏輯錯誤加以改正，不應更改作者的原意。做到換詞不改意，加詞不增意，去詞不減意。如有多種改法，應以保持原意為條件，擇其佳者而從之。例如：

But I have spent most my money, so I cannot… 改正：在my前加of。也有同學去掉most，這種改法雖改正了語法錯誤，但改變了原意。作者想說的是“花掉了大部分的錢，而不是全部”。

還要看該名詞前面是否缺限定詞、該用何種限定詞，尤其要查名詞前冠詞的使用情況。當名詞前面有形容詞修飾時更要加倍注意。例如: Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class. (把knowledges改為knowledge)

尤其要根據(jù)上下文所提供的時間信息，仔細推敲，從而選用正確的動詞時態(tài)形式。例如: (2006天津) I gained so much confidence that I go back to school ... (把go改為went)

應在文中使用各種啟承轉(zhuǎn)合的連詞。這些連詞能使文章在結(jié)構(gòu)上和意義上通順流暢。例如: It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water. (把So改為But)

“理順”指行文邏輯符合人們普遍認可的道理。例如: (NMET 2006) The air keeping the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming up. (把第二個up改為down) 總之，強語言基礎知識的學習，多做有針對性的訓練。

短文改錯篇二：高中英語短文改錯技巧：如何答題得分高

短文改錯篇三：2011-2015年全國卷短文改錯題匯總(含試題與答案)

全國卷英語短文改錯

此題要求改正所給短文中的錯誤。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處，每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：把缺詞處加一個漏符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1．每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2．只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。

一、命題內(nèi)容

1. 詞匯用法

(1) 用詞不當

英語中有很多同義詞、反義詞、易混詞，如assure/ensure, rise/arise/raise, effect/affect等。

(2) 介詞誤用

介詞使句中某些詞與其他詞發(fā)生一定的關(guān)系，其在英語中占很重要的地位，故成為又一重要考點。

2. 語法知識

(1) 一致性方面的錯誤

1) 主謂一致。主要表現(xiàn)為主語名詞與謂語動詞間隔較長，首尾不能相接，造成視覺上的混淆。

2) 名詞單復數(shù)。有時名詞可以不用復數(shù)，但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明確的量詞修飾，如 several, a number of, a variety of等等，就要變成復數(shù)形式。

3) 代詞與先行詞一致。人稱代詞、物主代詞及指示代詞的誤用，會導致指示不清、邏輯混亂，甚至前后矛盾。

(2) 非謂語動詞錯用

非謂語動詞包括不定式、分詞。

(3) 形容詞、副詞(包括比較級和最高級)誤用

形容詞和副詞的原級、比較級和最高級是改錯考題中必考的項目之一。常見錯誤類型有： One of +最高級+名詞復數(shù)，as +原級+as

(4) 時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤

一篇結(jié)構(gòu)完整的短文中，時態(tài)的使用應該是連貫一致的，另外，改錯題中最常見的語態(tài)錯誤是被動語態(tài)被誤用為主動語態(tài)。

二、真題

2015年（全國卷I）

When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains (轉(zhuǎn) 載 于:www.zuancaijixie.com 蒲 公英文 摘:短文改錯)are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, we’ll live to regret it.

2015年（全國卷II）

One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later. Tony saw parents. Mom said, “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again.

2014年（全國卷I）

Nearly five

years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted Some

cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden. Since then- for all these years-we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!

【小題1】before—ago

【小題2】by—of

2014年（全國卷II）

My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon .We didn’t need to do so many homework .Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities .For example , we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day .

My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings .We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.

2011年（全國卷I）

One of my unforgettable memory of my school in Xinjiang is that of lunches we brought from our homes. I hold my lunch-box in my hand when I was going to school. The smell from it was very good. Since the lunch bell finally rang, my friends and me met under a tall tree and had our lunches. My best friend Aigulie was used to share her Nang with me. Nang is a

specially kind of cake in Xinjiang. I like them very much. Now Aigulie and I study at different colleges or we can only see each other during the summer vacation. I think over her a lot and I

miss the food and the good time we had together.

2011年（全國卷I）76.把memory改為memories。77.在lunches前面加the。78.把hold改為held。

79. 把Since改為When/After。80.me改為I 81. 把was去掉。82. 把specially改為special。83. 把them改為it。84. 把or改為and。85. 把over改為of。

2011年（全國卷II）

Dear George,

It's been a week after we left your family and we are now back home. Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us for the wonderful meals. After we said goodbye to you, we went to Washington D.C. ,that we stayed for three days. My brother was so much fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying another couple of day. However, my father had to return to work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon. It was really a nice experience. If you'd like to make trip to our city some day, I will be better than happy to be your guide.

Yours, Mike

2011年（全國卷II）76. after---since 77.them---us 78. for---with79. That改為Where 80.去掉 much

81.staying---stay82.day---days 83.fly---flew84.trip 前 a 85.better---more

2012年（全國卷I）

Every one of us can make a great efforts to cut off the use of energy in our country. To begin with, all of us can start reducing to the use of oil by driving only when we have a real need. That won't easy, I know，but we have to start anywhere. What's more, we can go to work by bike once and twice a week, and we can also buy smaller cars that burn less oil. Other way is to watch our everyday use of water and electric at home. For example, how many times have you walked out of a room and leave the lights or television when no one else was there?

2012年（全國卷I）1. efforts改為effort 2.off改為down 3.把to刪掉4. won't be 5. anywhere---somewhere

6. and—or 7. Other---Another 8. electric—electricity 9.and改為but 10 television后加on

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