英語短文改錯答題技巧
發(fā)布時間:2017-02-04 來源: 短文摘抄 點擊:
英語短文改錯答題技巧篇一:高考英語短文改錯 解題技巧
高考英語短文改錯
常見錯誤類型解題技巧
1. 動詞時態(tài)
每年都有時態(tài)錯誤的小題,而且改動基本集中在一般過去時與一般現(xiàn)在時之間。時態(tài)的更改要以上下文的主體時態(tài)為依據(jù)。
(1)(2003全國卷)She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was...
84. read
(and連接并列謂語)
(2)(2004江蘇卷)At once I apologize and controlled myself... 83. apologized (and連接并列謂語)
(3)(2004全國卷) Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,... 82. talk (根據(jù)sometimes可判斷此句為一般現(xiàn)在時)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)I will write again and send you the photos we take together.85. took
(把照片寄給你,應該是已經(jīng)拍好的,用過去時)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅰ) There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. 77. is
(從上下文判斷,應該是現(xiàn)在時,謂語用is)
(6)(2005江蘇卷)We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. 76. kept (and連接并列謂語)
2. 名詞單復數(shù)
單復數(shù)互改是高考英語改錯題的基本題型之一,改動的依據(jù)有:一是根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份;二是根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。
(1)(2003全國卷)Their word were a great encouragement to me. 85. words
(是把word改為words 還是把were改為was,根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定詞their來決定。)
(2)(2004江蘇)that was a dinner we had waited for several month. 85. months (several修飾復數(shù)名詞)
(3)(2004全國卷Ⅰ) a few minute on the Internet. 77. minutes
(a few修飾復數(shù)名詞)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)But one and a half year later. 79. years
(one and a half意思為一年半,故判斷此處year應為復數(shù)形式)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)There are advantage for students to work... 76. advantages (從there are 判斷應該用名詞復數(shù))
3. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)
句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面的錯誤范圍龐大,解答高考英語改錯題主要可以從以下幾方面來思考:1)句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整,成份是否冗缺;2)單詞的詞性與其在句中的功能是否相符;3)主謂一致;4)復合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞或引導詞的運用是否得當?shù)取?/p>
(1)(2004 全國卷)I won’t be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. 78. because/as
(復合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞運用不當)
(2)(2004 全國卷Ⅱ) I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. 81. why (復合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞運用不當)
(3)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use.
78. work
(缺謂語動詞)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like.
79. allows
(主語是動名詞短語Earning their own money,謂語應該用單數(shù))
(5)(2005江蘇卷)But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability. 84. was
(主語是第三人稱單數(shù))
4. 贅述
高考英語改錯題中的贅述是指在一些固定表達中或從上下文邏輯來看用了多余的詞,從而使句子表達不合規(guī)范或造成邏輯上的重復。
(1)(2003全國卷80)I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day.
80. should
(并列謂語,should多余)
(2)(2004 全國卷)Can you tell me about what I should do?85. about
(tell sb about/of sth或tell sb接從句)
(3)(2004重慶卷)I had to look up to the same word many times, ... 78. to
(look up a word查字典)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)Some students may also to save up for their college or future use. 84. to (情態(tài)動詞may后接動詞原形)
(5)(2005江蘇卷) But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability. 83. for (but是連詞for是介詞,不能并列)
5. 固定結(jié)構(gòu)(固定句型、固定短語、固定搭配)
所謂固定結(jié)構(gòu)是指英語中一些不能隨意更改的習慣表達。如固定短語中的詞不能缺,固定搭配要前后一致等。
(1)(2003全國卷81)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was ... 81. talking (enjoy doing為固定短語)
(2)(2004 全國卷Ⅰ)I am sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. 79. at (laugh at sb. 固定短語)
(3)(2004 浙江卷)from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world.
82. with
(provide ... with為固定短語)
(4)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 76. for
(thank sb for sth)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅰ) or for permission to do things by money. 83. with
(with money)
6. 冠詞
英語中冠詞只有三個,從高考英語改錯題的角度來看,只能從以下幾個方向出題:1)不定冠詞a和an互改;2)不定冠詞a或an和定冠詞the互改;3)根據(jù)需要增刪冠詞。
(1)(2004 全國卷Ⅲ)I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. 77. the (根據(jù)句義是特指這個周末)
(2)(2004江蘇卷)When I was ∧boy, ... 76. ∧a
(我是一個男孩,應用不定冠詞 a.)
(3)(2004 遼寧卷)This was my first visit to a English family. 78. an
(English開頭字母是元音,應該用an)
(4)(2004重慶卷)I started writing down words from ∧ books that I read.82. ∧the (名詞后由從句修飾時,應使用定冠詞)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)I hope you’ve had∧pleasant journey home and will come to China
83. ∧a
7. 代詞
代詞不僅要與其所指代對象一致,其運用還要符合上下文的語氣及邏輯關(guān)系。
(1)(2004 浙江卷)And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own ... 78. their
(指代對象應一致)
(2)(2004湖北卷)You have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. 83. them (pupils 是復數(shù),后應該用替代復數(shù)名詞的代詞。)
(3)(2005全國卷Ⅰ)Some students may also save up for our college or future use. 85. their (指代對象應一致)
(4)(2005江蘇卷)We often play a trick on himself. 79. him
(play a trick on sb)
8. 連詞及與并置問題
連詞連接的前后兩部分是否合乎邏輯;并列連詞所連接的前后兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)是否等同。這兩點是解答連詞及其相關(guān)問題的關(guān)鍵所在。
(1)(2004江蘇卷)My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. 79. and (從句意可知,此處表并列關(guān)系,應用and)
(2)(2004全國卷Ⅳ)My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there. 82. and (并列關(guān)系,“于是、同時、然后”等意思)
(3)(2004全國卷Ⅱ)I would describe myself as shy and quietly. 77. quiet
(連接的詞性應一致)
9. 易混淆的詞或詞組
易混淆的詞既包括詞意相同或相近的同義詞、近義詞,也包括外形相似、意義有別的詞組。易混淆詞或詞組的辨析也是高考改錯題中不容忽視的部分。
(1)(2004全國卷Ⅰ)Finding information on the Net is easily. 83. easy (be easy 非常容易,形容詞做表語)
(2)(2004福建卷)She called 119 immediate. 84. immediately
(副詞做狀語)
(3)(2003全國卷)I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.
78. everything
(在陳述句中一般用everything)
(4)(2004 重慶卷)...but I had terribly problems memorizing them. 77. terrible (作定語應用形容詞)
(5)(2005全國卷Ⅱ)My pronunciation was terribly. 78.terrible
(系動詞后用形容詞作表語)
以上錯誤類型的劃分不一定很科學,但至少能為考生解答高考英語改錯題提供思考方法。一旦考生認清了高考英語改錯題的特點、解題方法以及錯誤類型,解題時就不會盲目從事,而能做到有的放矢。
短文改錯題常見的錯誤類型
1、冠詞的多用、少用、混用。
2、名詞 的數(shù)與格的誤用。
3、主謂不一致的錯誤。學生往往容易忽視定語從句中強調(diào)句型中的主謂一致性。
4、代詞的指代不一致的錯誤。代詞的指代一致性包括人稱、數(shù)、格和性四方面的統(tǒng)一。代詞的人稱可分為第一、二、三人稱和非人稱;代詞的數(shù)分為單數(shù)和復數(shù);代詞的格分為主格、賓格、所有格還有名詞性物主代詞;代詞的性分為陽性、陰性和中性。
5、動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣的誤用。多數(shù)動詞有時態(tài)、語態(tài)、和語氣變化形式,還有上下文的時態(tài)呼應,主從句的時態(tài)一致。
6、非謂語動詞的誤用。非謂語動詞的難點主要體現(xiàn)在V—ing形式和過去分詞的用法區(qū)別、V—ing形式與不定式的用法區(qū)別、以及非謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)的正確運用。
7、形容詞、副詞的混用及其比較等級的誤用。形容詞一般在句中作定語修飾名詞或代詞,作表語說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征;而副詞的作用較復雜,常常修飾形容詞 、副詞 、介詞短語、動詞或全句。形容詞和副詞比較等級的誤用現(xiàn)象:①省略不當;②自身比較;③修飾語的誤用;④than連接的兩個比較對象不一致或不平行。
8、關(guān)聯(lián)詞語的誤用。關(guān)聯(lián)詞分并列連詞 and,but,or,so,when等,從屬連詞——各種從句的引導詞。關(guān)聯(lián)詞語的誤用除涉及到其基礎知識,還涉及至行文邏輯關(guān)系。短文改錯題慣用的命題手法是:①and,but,or,so等之間的混用;②because與so并用;③although與but并用;④why 與because并用;⑤come與go混用;⑥here與there混用。
9、平行結(jié)構(gòu)的誤用。平行結(jié)構(gòu)是指用一連串作用和結(jié)構(gòu)相同的或相似的成份表達同一范疇或同一性質(zhì)、密切關(guān)聯(lián)的內(nèi)容。平行結(jié)構(gòu)有詞之間的平行、詞組之間的平行、句子或從句之間的平行、段落之間的平行。在平行結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的并列連詞 有and,but,or,than等。
10、成分的多與少——多一詞或少一詞。多或少的詞語,常見于冠詞、介詞、不定式標記to等,不過有時也可能是實義詞。在短文改錯中常出現(xiàn)repeat back,serve for等錯誤。這類錯誤大多由于學生受漢語表達習慣的影響,或?qū)τ⒄Z詞義的理解不夠準確造成的。
11、固定搭配、習慣用法和介詞的誤用。短文改錯中涉及到固定搭配、習慣用法常常多用、少用或誤用其中的介詞,有時也涉及到其中的動詞、冠詞的錯誤搭配。
短文改錯題常見的錯誤類型剖析
1、多詞
①多冠詞。I caught a sigh of my English in the crowd。[析]sight是不可數(shù)名詞,且cath sight of是固定搭配,意為“看見”。故應去掉a。
②多介詞。We practice for three times every week。此例中是作時間狀語的名詞短語多了介詞,故應去掉for
③固定搭配中多詞。I was used to watch it 。此 例屬于used to do 與be used to兩個固定搭配的誤用,據(jù)句意應去was。即“過去常常”之意。
④行文邏輯上多詞。First,let me tell you something more about myself .由first可知是剛剛開始向別人講述自己的事情,故只能說something ,而不要加more.
⑤詞義重復。I’ll spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it. the whole weekend 意為“整個周末”,再加上all ,詞義重復。故去all.
⑥出現(xiàn)冗言現(xiàn)象。Today I visited the Smiths __my first time visit to an American family . 本句中first 修飾visit ,vsit 此處為名詞,意為“我的第一次訪問”,time多余。
2、缺詞
①名詞前缺限定詞。The day before the speech contest English teacher talked to me .根據(jù)上下文分析,此處English teacher 是有所指的,指的是“我的”英語教師,故應English teacher 前加上my ,表達一個更確切的概念。
②缺動詞不定式符號to. I’d like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning .would like 后面不能直接加動詞,需to,構(gòu)成固定搭配would like to do something,意為“想做某事”。
③缺系動詞。What your favorite sport ?本句缺謂語動詞,應在What后面加is .
短文改錯的解題步驟
1、通讀短文,把握文意?焖匍喿x短文,了解短文大意,利用短文大意攻克文中的錯誤,切忌拿到短文提筆就改。2、依據(jù)句意和語法逐句判斷。錯誤是按行設置的,但找錯不是以行為單位尋找,必須依據(jù)句意和語法分析,逐句或跨行尋找錯誤。3、先易后難,逐類排查。先找出比較明顯的錯誤,逐步縮小 錯誤的范圍。十行之中有一行是正確的。4、利用行文邏輯,突破改錯難點。有些行文邏輯錯誤,從詞法、句法的角度看是正確的,但是通過上下文的邏輯分析就會發(fā)現(xiàn)是錯誤的。
5、復讀短文,檢查答案,注意行文邏輯關(guān)系的正確合理。
6、嚴格按照試題要求答題,萬萬不能隨心所欲解題。
短文改錯的解題技巧
1、利用排除法進行短文改錯,所謂“排除法”就是在理解單句或短文大意基本把握住文章整體時態(tài)的前提下,行不離句,句不離文,將句子分成若干語段,逐一排除,使錯誤縮小到最小范圍。再根據(jù)基礎知識進行擴散性思考,從而快速找到答案。
2、發(fā)現(xiàn)有平行結(jié)構(gòu),就要檢查是否有用詞不一致或因成分短缺而引起的句子不平衡錯誤。如:She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when I arrived .此句中并列的平行結(jié)構(gòu)是兩個語法上相同的謂語,故應把drank改drinking.
3、發(fā)現(xiàn)有比較結(jié)構(gòu),就要檢查是否有形容詞、副詞的比較級,比較的對象等方面的錯誤。如:In some places you can borrow many books as you want ,根據(jù)上下文不難發(fā)現(xiàn)該句含“as??as”結(jié)構(gòu)的句子,所以應在many前加上as。
4、發(fā)現(xiàn)有轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、對比等結(jié)構(gòu)時,就要檢查是否有行文邏輯方面的錯誤。如:His company publishes books and he buys books all over the world .按行文邏輯,應把buys 改sells.又如:I like singing ,my brother likes dancing .英語中兩個分句之間不能僅僅用逗號,而要用合適的連詞連接。故以上兩個分句之間要加上連詞while 表示對比。
5、發(fā)現(xiàn)句子有多重結(jié)構(gòu),就要檢查是否有時態(tài)、語態(tài)、連詞或成分短缺等錯誤。如:He wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there .該句犯了連詞重復使用的錯誤,應去掉immediately.
6、發(fā)現(xiàn)有特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu),就要檢查是否有疑問詞使用不當?shù)腻e誤。如:---How many was the price of your car ?---I bought the car at cheap price ,only S2,000.英語中問價格時,可用what price 或how much 提問。回答時常用high price low price .所以應把句子中的How many 改為What ,把答句中cheap 改為low.
7、發(fā)現(xiàn)有名詞和代詞時,就要檢查是否有數(shù)、所有格或指代不一致的錯誤。如:Some people read the books or watch TV, while others have sports .去掉books前的the ,books在此表示泛指。
8、發(fā)現(xiàn)有固定短語時,就要檢查副詞、介詞、冠詞是否使用錯誤。如:Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd .caught sight of (看見)是固定詞組,所以要去掉a.
英語短文改錯答題技巧篇二:2015年高考英語短文改錯答題技巧
2015年高考英語短文改錯答題技巧 短文改錯題檢測考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正文章錯誤的能力.進而考察學生的詞法、句法及行文邏輯等方面的水平,考察學生在語篇中綜合運用英語的能力考生英語水平的高低完全可以從這一題型體現(xiàn)出來然而很多考生對該題感到束手無策.關(guān)鍵在于找不到錯誤、不會找錯誤。那么怎樣找錯誤、發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤就成了解題的關(guān)鍵。
短文改錯解題思路和檢查原則:
1.句中各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整,特別是每個句子要有動詞;
2. 謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài);
3.非謂語動詞的用法;
4.名詞的單、復數(shù),格的使用是否正確;
5.定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確;
6.代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤;
7.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞、副詞是否準確無誤;
8.并列句中的并列連詞、主從復合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當。短文改錯解題四
原則:改動以最少為原則; 虛詞以添加或刪除為原則; 實詞以改變詞形為原則以保持句子原意為原則。短文改錯解題步驟:通讀全文,掌握大意; 整句分析,逐行推敲
反復通讀,復查驗證。解題注意要點和能力培養(yǎng):
1.核對錯項時,若的確有一時難以改出的地方,可以參考所改動項是否基本符合“1:1:8”的比例。即多一詞1個,缺詞1個,錯詞8個。
2.核對改正的語法項目是否有重復。因為短文改錯往往覆蓋面廣,一般不會出現(xiàn)重復考查某個語法點的現(xiàn)象。
3.核對答題符號是否規(guī)范,位置是否準確,看看有無遺漏符號,忽略字母大小寫和拼寫等問題。
短文改錯常見錯誤類型:
1. 謂語動詞的錯誤是歷年考試的重點和熱點,常見動詞錯誤類型有①一般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去時錯用;②and前后動詞時態(tài)不一致;③主謂不一致; ④缺少動詞,特別是be動詞; ⑤第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯用;⑥主動語態(tài)和
被動語態(tài)錯用。 Theydid not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote allmy time to my studies.(did改為do,錯誤類型屬于①) As weclimbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and toldstories. (visiting 改為visited, 錯誤類型屬于②) Therewill an important game next month. (will后加be,錯誤類型屬于④) Oneevening she told me that something happened when her parents wasout. ( was 改為were,錯誤類型屬于③)
2. 名詞的常見錯誤:單復數(shù)名詞錯用,可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯用。I’ll get good marks in all mysubject.(subject改為subjects) Theirword were a great encouragement to me.(word改為words) Withoutenough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改為knowledge)
3. 連詞錯誤 連詞包括關(guān)系代詞、副詞,并列連詞and/ or/but等。關(guān)于連詞,一般考查從句關(guān)系
who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/w
hen/where/if/whether等。 I havea good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (錯用了who的所有格形式,改為whose) I teachthem, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此處應該是并列的關(guān)系而非轉(zhuǎn)折,but改為and) Cleveras she is, but she works very hard.(as意為“盡管”,不能再跟but連用,所以去掉but)
4. 冠詞錯誤:誤用a和an(根據(jù)單詞的第一個音素來判定);誤用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠詞或少冠詞) We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a 改為the,thesame 是固定搭配) Aseveryone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds ofpants. (mountain是可數(shù)名詞需用冠詞,所以其前加a) I hopeyou have pleasant journey.(journey是可數(shù)名詞,故have后加a)
5. 形容詞和副詞錯誤
:系動詞后用形容詞(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動詞smell/feel);詞性的誤用(形容詞修飾名詞;副詞修飾動詞、形容詞)。I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully timetogether. (time是名詞所以要用形容詞wonderful修飾) Mypronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容詞,terribly改為terrible.)
6. 代詞錯誤:代詞的主格和賓格(I / me;he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )錯誤;反身代詞(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用錯誤;代詞的單數(shù)和復數(shù)使用錯誤;代詞指代錯誤;多代詞或少代詞。 Soon Ibegan to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning toexpress me in simple English. (me 改為myself) One dayI wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(to前加it) If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other wouldhelp him out. (other后加s) What’smore, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care ofhim. (him改為them)
英語短文改錯答題技巧篇三:高中英語短文改錯題做題技巧探秘
短文改錯技巧、
三、歸納短文改錯錯誤類型:
(一) 詞法的測試
1.名詞:主要是查名詞是否可數(shù),與其修飾語是否一致。 eg: 1) I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music.
Hobby是可數(shù)名詞,在這要用復數(shù)形式;playing football是一項運動,football只是一種球; sing和listen to 要用動名詞形式。 2) Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise作運動講是不可數(shù)名詞,do exercise作主語要用動名詞形式,謂動用單數(shù);healthy是形容詞, 這里要用名詞形式。 3) Reading books is one of my hobby.
one of 后的名詞應用復數(shù)形式。
2. 代詞:對于短文中出現(xiàn)的每一個代詞都要查一下它所指代的
內(nèi)容及在句中的作用,注意其數(shù)、格、詞性是否正確和前后是否一致,?嫉拇~包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、關(guān)系代詞及疑問代詞等。
1).He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.
前面提到的是he而后面卻用her來代,故應將her改為him.
2).This is the best film which I have ever seen.
先行詞前有最高級修飾應用關(guān)系代詞that 而不是which。
3. 冠詞:英語中只有三個冠詞,但用起來卻很復雜,在短文改
錯中,錯誤不外乎該用冠詞時沒有用,不該用時卻用了;該用an用了a,該用a(n)卻用了the.
1) I meant to write letter and tell you all the things?
letter為可數(shù)名詞,故write后應加a.
2) I like playing the football. 去the
3) He is a honest boy. a改為an
4. 介詞:檢查介詞主要是查介詞與動詞、形容詞、名詞的搭配,
介詞慣用詞組等是否正確。
1) I am writing to thank you with your kind help.
thank sb. for sth.為固定搭配,故應將with 改為for.
2) ?I’m the happiest in all.
此句想表達的意思是“我是所有人中最高興的”。故應將in改為 of.
3) Under the help of my father, I ?under 改為 with
4) He went to Beijing in next Sunday.in 改為on
5. 形容詞、副詞:形容詞、副詞的誤用主要指在該用形容詞的地方用了副詞,該用副詞的地方用了形容詞。改錯行中出現(xiàn)形容詞或副詞時就要仔細分析該形容詞或副詞修飾什么,形式是否正確,是原級、比較級還是最高級。形容詞、副詞誤
用也是?嫉母腻e項目之一。
1) I had not interest in English .interest是名詞,應用形容詞no來修飾,而not是副詞,副詞不能修飾名
2) These are the happier girls I’ve ever seen.(NMET2007)
此處有I’ve ever seen限定,應用最高級,故happier應改為 happiest.
3) You can borrow a book very easy.easy 改為easily.
4) These books are very worth reading.用well 修飾
6. 連詞:短文改錯中出現(xiàn)連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確,是否
符合句子意思;連接的是詞還是句子,是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。此
外如果是平行結(jié)構(gòu)就要注意前后時態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性一致問題
平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助與并列連詞and , or , but ,
not only?but also?, ?not?but?, either?or?, neither ?nor?, as well as等。
1) As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting. 由于前句有As引導原因狀語從句,因此后句不能再用so,故應把so 去掉。
2) The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people.
根據(jù)上下文意思判斷,前后兩個并列分句不存在意義上的折,
所以but應改為and或so.這是典型的并列連詞誤用。
7. 動詞:動詞錯誤在短文改錯中所占比重最大,它所涉及的錯誤
包括動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤;易混動詞的用法錯誤; 動
詞的第三人稱單數(shù)錯誤;動詞的非謂語形式,以及動詞的句型搭配錯誤等。在改錯題中,動詞方面的考查比例較大。
1) 動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤
a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together.
take photos動作發(fā)生在過去,應用過去時.
b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days.
根據(jù)本句意義,should后應加上been,構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。
c. In school, I often playing football for my friends.
playing改為 play; for 改為with
2) 易混動詞使用錯誤
a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didn’t listen.
persuade 意為“說服”,強調(diào)成功的結(jié)果,而根據(jù)下句 he
didn’t listen可知,勸說并沒有成功,故應改persuaded為 advised.
b. You please rise your hands.
rise是不及物動詞,而raise是及物動詞,所以舉手應用
raise your hands.這屬于及物動詞與不及物動詞的誤用。
3) 非謂語動詞使用錯誤
a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.
look forward to 中的to是介詞,應加動名詞,將see改為seeing.
b. I’m sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffic.
在任何情況下keep均和doing連用,如keep doing sth.;
keep sb. (sth).doing sth. ;keep ?from doing? 等.
c. I’d like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.
to后加be。因其后是名詞,而不是動詞原形,不能直接用to.
8. 詞語固定搭配:
主要考查介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配;副詞、
動詞的固定搭配;及物動詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動詞后少介詞,英語中的一些固定句型與習慣搭配等。
1) My teacher advised me to keep my diary.
keep a diary是固定搭配,意思是“寫日記”.
2) In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.
To one’s surprise 是固定搭配
3) I thought that was dull to watch a game?(NMET2005)
此題考查it的功能,It + be + adj. + to do為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。
4) ?the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.解析:
not only? but also?為固定結(jié)構(gòu),故將and 改為but.
5) I have no difficulty learn maths.
have difficulty (in) doing sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)
6) He spends too much time play games.
spend some time (in) doing sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)
(一) 詞法的測試
1. 名詞:主要是查名詞是否可數(shù),與其修飾語是否一致。
2. 代詞:對于短文中出現(xiàn)的每一個代詞都要查一下它所指的
內(nèi)容及在句中的作用,注意其數(shù)、格、詞性是否正確和前后是否一致,?嫉拇~包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、關(guān)系代詞及疑問代詞等。
3. 冠詞:英語中只有三個冠詞,但用起來卻很復雜,在短文改錯中,錯誤不外乎該用冠詞時沒有用,不該用時卻用了;該用an用了a,該用a(n)卻用了the.
4. 介詞:檢查介詞主要是查介詞與動詞、形容詞、名詞的搭
配,介詞慣用詞組等是否正確。
5. 容詞、副詞:形容詞、副詞的誤用主要指在該用形容詞的
地方用了副詞,該用副詞的地方用了形容詞。改錯行中出現(xiàn)形容詞或副詞時就要仔細分析該形容詞或副詞修飾什么,形式是否正確,是原級、比較級還是最高級。形容詞、副詞誤
用也是常考的改錯項目之一。
6. 連詞:短文改錯中出現(xiàn)連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確,
是否符合句子意思;連接的是詞還是句子,是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。此外如果是平行結(jié)構(gòu)就要注意前后時態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性一致問題
平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助與并列連詞and , or , but , not only?but also?, ?not?but?, either?or?, neither ?nor?, as well as。
7. 動詞:動詞錯誤在短文改錯中所占比重最大,它所涉及的
錯誤包括動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤;易混動詞的用法錯誤; 動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)錯誤;動詞的非謂語形式,以及動詞的句型搭配錯誤等。
8. 詞語固定搭配:主要考查介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配;副詞、動詞的固定搭配;及物動詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動詞后少介詞,英語中的一些固定句型與習慣搭配等。
(二) 句法的測試:
1主謂語在數(shù)上的一致;
I hope everything are ok with you. are 改為is
2名詞性從句;
A man came up to him and asked that he needed. that是連詞,在從句中無任何意義,而后面的賓語從句缺賓語,用what引導賓語從句作賓語從句的賓語。
3定語從句;
This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out.
them改為 which
4強調(diào)句型;It is/was +被強調(diào)的部分+that/who?
It was in 1949 when he joined the army. when改為that
5句子結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性、完整性、對等性及邏輯性。
(三)語篇的測試 語篇的測試包括:
1上下文中的時態(tài)是否一致;
2上下文中的代詞是否一致;
3上下文中的邏輯是否一致;
4上下文中的詞、詞組、從句的替代是否正確。
四、注意問題:
短文改錯時改“錯”,而不是把文中的表達法改成另外的表達形式。很多考生對這個概念比較模糊。把原文中并沒有錯的形式改成了自己認可的另外一種形式,雖然改后的表達法也是對的,但這樣做偏離了這類題型的答題要求,因而也不能得分。
五、復習建議:
除了多做改錯專項練習外,也要做與短文改錯題型相關(guān)的其他練習。比如:1.在平時寫作過程中就要十分注意自己容易犯的語法錯誤。2.還可以通過看其他同學的習作,欣賞的同時也可有意識地把該習作進行一下“改錯”。
3.平時還可以多進行單句改錯練習,逐漸體會和把握短文改錯這一題型的規(guī)律。
(一)改前通讀全文, 切忌拿來就改,這一步很關(guān)鍵。這一步的目標是了解短文的中心意思,把握全篇的時態(tài)、人稱及行文邏輯。記敘文強調(diào)時間、地點、人物和事件四要素,在通讀全文理解全文的同時把一些比較容易的或是明顯的錯誤先改好
(二)分句閱讀,逐行找錯。在糾錯時要仔細地讀懂每一個句子,這時就要對文中的詞法、句法和語篇(詳見考查要點)角度著重分析和特別注意。把涉及到以上錯誤類型的詞多斟酌一下。
(三)做將答案放回原文,再重讀全文。其目的主要是查看有無不符合邏輯,語句不通暢,不符合英語習慣的問題。
第一節(jié)短文改錯 (共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤,每句中最多兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加:在此處加一個漏字符號(∧),并在其下面寫出修改的詞。
刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改:在錯的詞下劃一橫線,并在其下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意:1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
2.只允許修改10處,多者(從十一處起)不計分。 I first met Li Ming at a friend birthday party five years ago. Then I invited Li Ming over in my place. We listen to my CDs together and soon become best friends. Three years ago, Li Ming’s parents invited I to spend two wonderful week in Qingdao with them during the summer holiday. Li Ming and I loved walking along the beautifully beaches there. Last year I was ill but had to stay in hospital for a week. LiMing came∧see me every day. Then his father has changed jobs and they moved to another city. Since then we haven’t see each other much. But we’ve kept writing to each other. (一) I live and study in a small town to the south of Jiangsu, and now I am a Senior 3 student. For∧long time, I’ve been dreaming of study in a famous university in a big city, such as Beijing, Xi’an and Guangzhou. I often talk with my parent about my dream. But until now they haven’t been agreed with me. They always said that I am just a girl and the only child in the family, so you’d better choose a university within the province, I can understand they will certainly feel alone if I leave them. But I really want to experience an exciting and complete difference life. I don’t know what I can do to persuade them.
(二)
You may have learned English for some years. This is natural that you want to∧able to read some English books or magazines. Just think of how happy you will be when you finish reading a book and a passage in English. It is important to choose a book that interest you. Then you may ask what kind of book to enjoy. I think you should choose something that is either too difficult nor too easily. While reading, never let new words take too much of you attention. Just do it as you often do with your own language. Try∧guess its meaning if coming across any.
第一節(jié)短文改錯 (共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤,每句中最多兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加:在此處加一個漏字符號(∧),并在其下面寫出修改的詞。
刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改:在錯的詞下劃一橫線,并在其下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意:1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
2.只允許修改10處,多者(從十一處起)不計分。
I first met Li Ming at a friend birthday party five years ago. Then I invited Li Ming over
in my place. We listen to my CDs together and soon become best friends. Three years ago, Li Ming’s parents invited I to spend two wonderful week in Qingdao with them during the summer holiday. Li Ming and I loved walking along the beautifully beaches there. Last year I was ill but had to stay in hospital for a week. LiMing came see me every day. Then his father has changed jobs and they moved to another city. Since then we haven’t see each other much. But we’ve kept writing to each other. (一)
I live and study in a small town to the south of Jiangsu, and now I am a Senior 3 student. For long time, I’ve been dreaming of study in a famous university in a big city, such as Beijing, Xi’an and Guangzhou. I often talk with my parent about my dream. But until now they haven’t been agreed with me. They always said that I am just a girl and the only child in the family, so you’d better choose a university within the province, I can understand they will certainly feel alone if I leave them. But I really want to experience an exciting and complete difference life. I don’t know what I can do to persuade them.
(二)
You may have learned English for some years. This is natural that you want to able to read some English books or magazines. Just think of how happy you will be when you finish reading a book and a passage in English. It is important to choose a book that interest you. Then you may ask what kind of book to enjoy. I think you should choose something that is either too difficult nor too easily. While reading, never let new words take too much of you attention. Just do it as you often do with your own language. Try guess its meaning if coming across any.
1.動詞使用錯誤2.冠詞使用錯誤 3.名詞使用錯誤 4.介詞使用錯誤 5.形容詞‘副詞使用錯誤
6.連詞使用錯誤 7.代詞的誤用 8.引導詞的誤用 9.上下文邏輯錯誤
考點設置:
1.名詞
近幾年短文改錯中涉及名詞考點的特點是:
1)題量為每年1題;
2)錯誤均為本應用復數(shù)形式,卻用了單數(shù)形式
3)所有要求改動的名詞前都無數(shù)詞限定.
2000)She said that she and my schoolmate all??
2001) ?so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.
2002)On the way up I was busy taking picture.
schoolmate-schoolmates; subject-subjects picture-pictures.
2.并列連詞:
涉及并列連詞考點的特點是:“and” , “but”, 或“or”三個詞的混用而導致句意出現(xiàn)邏輯錯誤.
2000) She was smiling but nodding at me.
2001) ?as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.
2002)The food was expensive and the service was good.
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