烤煙新品種金神農(nóng)1號(hào)的農(nóng)藝特性及煙葉質(zhì)量特點(diǎn)
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-24 來源: 短文摘抄 點(diǎn)擊:
摘要:2010—2012年在清江流域和環(huán)神農(nóng)架地區(qū)布點(diǎn)示范湖北省自育烤煙(Nicotiana tabacum L.)新品種金神農(nóng)1號(hào),從其田間農(nóng)藝性狀、抗病性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀、外觀質(zhì)量、物理性狀、化學(xué)成分和感官質(zhì)量等方面進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果表明,金神農(nóng)1號(hào)是品質(zhì)、產(chǎn)量和抗病性均能兼顧的烤煙新品種,可在湖北煙區(qū)尤其是環(huán)神農(nóng)架煙區(qū)推廣應(yīng)用。
關(guān)鍵詞:烤煙(Nicotiana tabacum L.);品種;金神農(nóng)1號(hào);農(nóng)藝特性;煙葉質(zhì)量
中圖分類號(hào):S572;S763.301 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):0439-8114(2013)21-5217-07
Studies on Agronomic Characteristics and Quality of Tobacco Leaves of the New Flue-cured Tobacco Variety Jinshennong No.1
CAO Jing-lin1,WANG Yi1,ZHANG Jun-jie1,CHENG Jun-qi1,GUO Li2,CHAI Li-guang3,QIN Tie-wei4,
HUO Guang5,LI Ya-pei1
。1.Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China;2.Xiangyang Branch of Hubei Tobacco Corporation, Xiangyang 441000,Hubei, China; 3.Shiyan Branch of Hubei Tobacco Corporation, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China;4.Yichang Branch of Hubei Tobacco Corporation, Yichang 443000, Hubei, China;5.Enshi Branch of Hubei Tobacco Corporation, Enshi 445000, Hubei, China)
Abstract: In 2010~2012, a new flue-cured tobacco variety Jinshennong No. 1 bred from Hubei province was demonstrated in the Qingjiang area and Shennongjia area, and evaluated comprehensively from the field agronomic characteristics, disease resistance,economic character, appearance quality, physical properties, chemical components and sensory quality and so on. The results showed that Jinshennong No.1 was good at quality, yield and resistance. It could be applied in the tobacco-growing areas of Hubei province, especially in tobacco growing areas of Shennongjia.
Key words: flue-cured tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.); variety; Jinshennong No.1; agronomic characteristics; quality of tobacco leaves
培育優(yōu)良烤煙(Nicotiana tabacum L.)品種是烤煙生產(chǎn)的基礎(chǔ),也是開發(fā)湖北特色優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉的關(guān)鍵[1]。研究表明,品種和環(huán)境因素共同決定了煙葉的風(fēng)格特征及其香味的優(yōu)劣[2,3]。實(shí)踐也證明相同品種在不同地區(qū)種植,其煙葉品質(zhì)、工業(yè)可用性有較大區(qū)別[3,4]。湖北省烤煙產(chǎn)區(qū)主要分布在清江流域和環(huán)神農(nóng)架地區(qū),自然生態(tài)條件優(yōu)越、獨(dú)特[1]。目前主栽品種有K326和云煙87,品種單一、特色品種匱乏,且普通花葉病和氣候斑點(diǎn)病發(fā)生日趨嚴(yán)重。湖北省煙草科學(xué)研究院針對(duì)湖北煙區(qū)生態(tài)和生產(chǎn)條件,以優(yōu)質(zhì)抗病為主攻目標(biāo),以克服K326和云煙87普通花葉病、氣候斑點(diǎn)病為重點(diǎn),開展烤煙新品種選育工作。通過引進(jìn)品種資源,配合雜交,進(jìn)行新組合比較、新品系比較、區(qū)域試驗(yàn)等育種程序,選育出了優(yōu)質(zhì)抗病烤煙新品種HB029,并于2013年被湖北省煙草品種評(píng)審委員會(huì)命名為金神農(nóng)1號(hào)。2010—2012年在湖北省煙區(qū)布點(diǎn)示范,對(duì)其進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià),旨在為該品種在湖北省煙區(qū)的推廣利用提供依據(jù)。
1 材料與方法
1.1 供試品種與地點(diǎn)
供試品種為湖北省煙草科學(xué)研究院培育的烤煙新品種金神農(nóng)1號(hào),2010年在湖北省宣恩、利川、房縣和?翟O(shè)試驗(yàn)示范點(diǎn),2011年因種量不足僅在宣恩、保康設(shè)試驗(yàn)示范點(diǎn),2012年在宣恩、利川、興山、保康和南漳設(shè)試驗(yàn)示范點(diǎn)。各示范點(diǎn)均以當(dāng)?shù)刂髟云贩N云煙87或K326為對(duì)照。
1.2 試驗(yàn)方法
采用大區(qū)對(duì)比試驗(yàn),各示范點(diǎn)示范品種和對(duì)照種植面積滿足單炕烘烤。托盤漂浮育苗,施肥、移栽和其他栽培管理措施按當(dāng)?shù)貎?yōu)質(zhì)煙生產(chǎn)水平進(jìn)行。施肥量同當(dāng)?shù)刂髟云贩N云煙87或K326,氮、磷、鉀配比為1.0∶1.5∶2.5。適時(shí)覆膜,5月上中旬移栽,行距120 cm,株距55 cm。移栽后30 d揭膜中耕,除草培土。于50%第1中心花開放時(shí)1次性打頂,抑芽劑抑芽。成熟期時(shí)摘葉采收,密集式烤房烘烤。平頂期隨機(jī)抽取示范品種和對(duì)照有代表性的煙株10株,測(cè)量主要農(nóng)藝性狀。各品種烘烤后分別單獨(dú)存放,按GB 2635-1992分級(jí),統(tǒng)計(jì)產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)值、上等煙率、上中等煙率和均價(jià)。
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