不同采收方式和成熟度對(duì)上部煙葉烘烤質(zhì)量的影響

        發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-24 來源: 短文摘抄 點(diǎn)擊:


          摘要 研究了不同采收方式和成熟度對(duì)烤煙上部煙葉單葉重、煙葉等極、煙葉外觀質(zhì)量、煙葉物理特性和煙葉化學(xué)成分等的影響,結(jié)果表明:在4種采收方式中,煙葉烘烤質(zhì)量在總體上以一次性采收(帶莖或不帶莖)的最好,一次性帶莖采烤能增加煙葉的產(chǎn)量,可能是因?yàn)槿~片在烘烤過程中得到了莖桿中的一些物質(zhì)補(bǔ)充,自身內(nèi)含物質(zhì)消耗較少;一次性采烤對(duì)提高上部葉烘烤質(zhì)量具有一定的作用;一次性帶莖采烤的煙葉的外觀質(zhì)量、物理特性、化學(xué)成分也均優(yōu)于其他采收方法。常規(guī)采收的次之,常規(guī)采收的煙葉的各種特性和成分優(yōu)于環(huán)割處理的煙葉,但比一次性帶莖采烤的較差。環(huán)割處理的煙葉與前兩種采收方式采收的煙葉相比較差。
          關(guān)鍵詞 烤煙;成熟度;采收方式;上部葉;烘烤質(zhì)量
          中圖分類號(hào) TS41 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1007-5739(2013)23-0018-02
          Effect of Harvest Ways and Matity on Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Upper Leaf
          QIU Kun 1 YUAN Qian-hua 1 WANG Ting-qing 1 ZHONG Wei-qian 1 SONG Xi-jun 2
         。1Qiandongnan Tobacco Leaf Company of Guizhou Province, Kaili Guizhou 556000;2 Shibing County Tobacco Company)
          Abstract Effects of different picking methods on single upper leaf weight, grade of tobacco leaf ,appearance quality of leaf and chemical components of flue-cured tobacco was studied. The results showed that the method of picking 4~6 upper leaves with stem together could increase inherent quality of the four picking ways,one time harvest ways could increase the tobacco leaf output,because the leaf obtained some material supplements from the stem during the flue-cured process,own contents consumption of materials were less.One time harvest ways had certain function on enhancing the upper leaf flue-cured quality .The apperance quality,physical characteristic,chemical components of one time harvest leaf were better than other harvest ways. Every characteristics of the conventional harvest leafs was better than ring cutting leafs and was inferior than the one time harvest leafs.Ring cutting treatment was inferior than the other two ways.
          Key words flue-cured tobacco;matigy;picking methods;upper leaf;curing quality
          為了提高上部煙葉的可用性,經(jīng)過煙草專家、技術(shù)員多年實(shí)踐總結(jié),已提出諸多提高上部煙葉質(zhì)量的農(nóng)業(yè)措施如打頂、留葉數(shù)、莖部環(huán)割、切根、采收的成熟度、烘烤技術(shù)、上部葉一次性帶莖采烤和一次性采煙葉烘烤特性下降。采用其他的采收方式,可能會(huì)改善上部葉的化學(xué)成分、成熟狀態(tài)、外觀質(zhì)量以及烘烤特性,從而提高煙葉烘烤質(zhì)量[1-3]。通過不同采收方式的對(duì)比表明:上部葉烘烤質(zhì)量在總體上以一次性采烤(不帶莖或帶莖)的最好,能顯著提高煙葉的質(zhì)量,增加收入。
          1 材料與方法
          1.1 試驗(yàn)材料
          試驗(yàn)地位于貴州省麻江縣碧波村,煙株長勢均勻,單株留葉數(shù)為18~20片。在常規(guī)采烤至每株剩5~7片上部葉時(shí),上部葉時(shí)在田間定株,葉片大小基本一致的煙株掛牌標(biāo)記。供試烤煙品種為K326。
          1.2 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)
          試驗(yàn)設(shè)4種采收方式,采烤分2次進(jìn)行,間隔時(shí)間為9 d,共8個(gè)處理,分別為:4~6片葉尚熟一次性帶莖采烤(A1);4~6片葉尚熟一次性采葉烘烤(B1);環(huán)割煙莖韌皮部,逐片采收先成熟的4~6片葉(C1);常規(guī)逐片采收先成熟的4~6片葉(D1);4~6片葉過熟一次性帶莖采烤(A2);4~6片葉成熟一次性采葉烘烤(B2);環(huán)割煙莖韌皮部,逐片采收后成熟的4~6片葉(C2);常規(guī)逐片采收后成熟的4~6片葉(D2)。
          1.3 試驗(yàn)實(shí)施
          采用“三段式烘烤工藝”:干球溫度38 ℃左右,煙葉變黃8~9成,葉片發(fā)軟。干球溫度41~42 ℃,煙葉基本全黃,充分凋萎塌架,主脈發(fā)軟。干球溫度46~48 ℃,煙筋變黃,達(dá)到黃片黃筋小卷筒。干球溫度54 ℃,煙葉大卷筒。定色和干筋過程,濕球溫度始終控制在43 ℃以下[4]。
          1.4 化學(xué)成分測定方法
          采用紫外分光光度法測定煙葉中的煙堿含量;凱氏定氮法測定總氮含量;還原糖采用DNS顯色法;通過測定樣品中的含氮量推算蛋白質(zhì)的含量[5-9]。

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