不同外源物質(zhì)（灌根）對烤煙根系及煙葉養(yǎng)分吸收的影響

　　摘要：【目的】明確外源物質(zhì)根系調(diào)控促進(jìn)烤煙養(yǎng)分吸收和利用的作用機(jī)制，為進(jìn)一步完善基于烤煙提質(zhì)增效的外源根系調(diào)控技術(shù)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)�！痉椒ā坎捎门柙栽囼�(yàn)，設(shè)常規(guī)施肥（T1）和在常規(guī)施肥基礎(chǔ)上添加蘋果酸（T2）、生根粉（T3）、復(fù)硝酚鈉與海藻酸鈉混合劑（T4）、解淀粉芽孢桿菌FZB42（T5）和膨脹素（T6）6個(gè)灌根處理，同時(shí)設(shè)植煙不施肥處理（CK）用于計(jì)算肥料利用率。于團(tuán)棵期、現(xiàn)蕾期、采收結(jié)束時(shí)分別測定煙株根、莖、葉干重及煙葉的氮、磷、鉀含量，同時(shí)測定土壤速效氮、速效磷和速效鉀含量�！窘Y(jié)果】相對于T1和CK處理，T4、T5和T6處理顯著提高了烤煙各生長階段根系生長速率（P<0.05，下同），增加了根系和地上部干物質(zhì)積累量，提高了煙葉對氮、磷、鉀營養(yǎng)元素的吸收量，而各處理煙葉占地上部干物質(zhì)積累的比例隨著生育進(jìn)程推進(jìn)逐漸減小�；貧w分析結(jié)果顯示，烤煙團(tuán)棵至現(xiàn)蕾階段根系干物質(zhì)積累量與煙葉氮（R2=0.87）、磷（R2=0.94）、鉀（R2=0.88）元素的吸收量均呈極顯著正相關(guān)（P<0.01），此階段根系生長速率的顯著提高是外源物質(zhì)促進(jìn)烤煙葉片養(yǎng)分吸收和利用的關(guān)鍵。T4和T5處理提高團(tuán)棵至現(xiàn)蕾階段根系生長速率50%以上，顯著增加了煙株的干物質(zhì)積累量，煙葉氮素吸收量分別增加46%和66%，磷素吸收量分別增加77%和118%，鉀素吸收量分別增加58%和69%�！窘Y(jié)論】基于烤煙根系促生效果的穩(wěn)定性和應(yīng)用安全性，解淀粉芽孢桿菌FZB42灌根可作為玉溪紅壤煙區(qū)烤煙根系調(diào)控的主要手段。
　　關(guān)鍵詞： 烤煙；根系調(diào)控；外源活性物質(zhì)；養(yǎng)分吸收；肥料利用率
　　中圖分類號： S572.01 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A 文章編號：2095-1191（2017）05-0812-08
　　Root growth and nutrients uptake of tobacco leaf in response to different exogenous substances（root-irrigation）
　　BU Ling-duo， LI Jiang-zhou， ZHANG Li-meng*， JI Si-gui， CUI Yong-he， JIAO Yong-ge
　�。╕uxi Branch， Yunnan Tobacco Company， Yuxi， Yunnan 653100， China）
　　Abstract：【Objective】The purpose of this paper was to illuminate the mechanism of exogenous substances on promoting nutrients uptake and utilization of tobacco， and provide reference for improving the exogenous root control technology based on quality and efficiency improvement for tobacco. 【Method】Pot experiments were conducted. Conventional fertilizer（T1）， and adding malic acid（T2）， rooting powder（T3）， sodium nitrophenolate and sodium alginate mixture（T4）， Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42（T5） and expansin（T6） based on conventional fertilizer were set. No fertilization treatment for tobaccos was set as control（CK） to calculate fertilizer utilization rate. Dry matter of root， stem and leaf， as well as contents of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium in leaf were measured at tobacco resettling， budding， and harvest over periods. Meanwhile， available nitrogen， available phosphorus and available potassium contents in soil were detected. 【Result】Compared with CK and T1， root growth rate was significantly（P<0.05， the same below） increased in T4， T5， and T6 during each growth period， dry matter accumulation of both root and ground plant， and nutrients（nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium） uptake were also increased. However， the proportion of tobacco leaf in total ground dry matter accumulation was decreased as growth periods advanced. Regression analysis showed that， root dry matter accumulation was significantly positively related to nitrogen（R2=0.87）， phosphorus（R2=0.94）， and potassium（R2=0.88） uptake from resettling to budding period（P<0.01）. At this period， significant increasement of root growth rate was the key in exogenous substances promoting leaf nutrients uptake and utilization. T4 and T5 increased root growth rate by over 50% from resettling to budding period and significantly improved dry matter accumulation of tobacco. Leaf nitrogen uptake was increased by 46% and 66%， phosphorus uptake was increased by 77% and 118% and potassium uptake was increased by 58% and 69% respectively in T4 and T5. 【Conclusion】Considering stable effect and application security of tobacco root promoting， B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 root-irrigation can be applied as a major regulation measure in Yuxi red-soil tobacco planting area.

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：烤煙 根系 煙葉 養(yǎng)分 吸收