基于藥材性狀及顯微組織特征的芫花條與其混淆品的鑒別

　　[摘要] 基于藥材性狀和組織顯微鑒別方法，對(duì)芫花及其混淆品河朔蕘花的莖、葉進(jìn)行了對(duì)比研究；并對(duì)芫花根進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明芫花條藥材或飲片主要為莖枝，節(jié)處有明顯對(duì)生的葉柄痕和枝痕，一般未觀察到葉或花序梗，折斷面皮部有細(xì)密銀白色絮狀纖維。混淆品為帶有莖枝、葉和花序梗的段，花序�？梢�(jiàn)呈穗狀花序的花梗痕。在顯微組織方面，芫花的莖橫切面韌皮部有單個(gè)散在的粗大的木化韌皮纖維，壁極厚；其葉下表皮附有單細(xì)胞非腺毛。河朔蕘花莖橫切面韌皮部未見(jiàn)粗大的木化韌皮纖維；葉表皮細(xì)胞外壁有厚角質(zhì)層，下表皮無(wú)非腺毛。此結(jié)果可用于芫花條藥材與飲片鑒別及質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定。芫花根的組織和橫切面觀察可用于該品種根類(lèi)藥材的鑒別。
　　[關(guān)鍵詞] 芫花條； 芫花； 河朔蕘花； 芫花根； 性狀鑒別； 顯微鑒別
　　[Abstract] The purpose of this article is to identify Daphne genkwa and its adulterants， Wikstroemia chamaedaphne， according to the morphological and microstructure characteristics of their stem and foliage. The root of D.genkwa was studied simultaneously. The results indicated that the crude drug and processed pieces of Genkwa Ramulus were mainly composed of stems and branches where obvious opposite petiole scars and branch marks were able to be seen on their nodes. Otherwise， foliage or peduncles generally couldn′t be found. Moreover， the fine silver flocculent fibers could be observed in the bark of fracture surface. The adulterants were the plant segments which were composed of stems， foliage and peduncles with spikelet-pedicel scars. There existed microstructures differences between Genkwa Ramulus and its adulterants. In the former， single thick lignified phloem fibers were interspersed in the stem phloem of the transverse section with very thick wall and unicellular non-glandular hairs could be observed on the lower epidermis of foliage. Nevertheless， in the latter， there was no thick lignified phloem fibers in cross section of stem phloem， the outer wall of epidermal cells of foliage hadthick cuticles and no non-glandular hairs in lower epidermis of foliage. The results can be used for the identification and the quality standard of the crude drug and processed pieces of D.genkwa.The characteristics of the microstructures and the transverse section can be used to identify the radix D.genkwa.
　　[Key words] Genkwa Ramulus； Daphne genkwa； Wikstroemia chamaedaphne； Genkwa Radix（roots of Daphne genkwa）； morphological dentification； microscopical identification
　　芫花條為瑞香科瑞香屬植物芫花Daphne genkwa Sieb. et Zucc.的干燥枝條。本品為現(xiàn)代民間用藥，未見(jiàn)歷代本草收載。“芫花條”一名最早見(jiàn)于《山東中草藥手冊(cè)》[1]，山東省中藥材標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（1995年版、2002年版）也有收載。本品有逐水，祛痰，解毒殺蟲(chóng)，散風(fēng)祛濕功效；用于水腫脹滿(mǎn)，痰飲積聚，風(fēng)濕痹痛，外治疥癬[2]。本品是《中國(guó)藥典》2015年版“消絡(luò)痛片”和“消絡(luò)痛膠囊”的君藥[3]，用于治療風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎，有較好的療效。
　　芫花花蕾的藥用最早記載于《神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)》，芫花根的藥用則記載于《吳普本草》，這2個(gè)藥至今仍用于中醫(yī)臨床。近些年芫花葉的藥用價(jià)值也有報(bào)道[4]。芫花枝條、根、葉的化學(xué)和藥理學(xué)研究表明，這些不同部位均含有黃酮類(lèi)，香豆素類(lèi)，木脂素類(lèi)、酚酸類(lèi)及二萜原酸酯類(lèi)成分；具有抗炎、鎮(zhèn)痛作用[4-9]。芫花根總黃酮對(duì)小鼠細(xì)胞免疫功能具有調(diào)節(jié)作用，并顯示抗腫瘤活性[10-11]。
　　作者在對(duì)芫花條藥材商品調(diào)查及草擬其藥材標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)，收集樣品的過(guò)程發(fā)現(xiàn)了2批芫花條的混淆品，樣品呈飲片狀，為莖枝的小段，并帶有果序枝和葉，經(jīng)鑒定為瑞香科蕘花屬植物河朔蕘花Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meisn.的枝條與葉。同時(shí)作者也注意到芫花條、芫花根藥材鑒別方面的工作較少，需要進(jìn)行詳盡的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[12]。因此為了解決這些問(wèn)題，作者對(duì)芫花的枝條、根和葉及其混淆品的藥材性狀與顯微組織進(jìn)行了比較研究，試圖為芫花條、芫花根藥材的鑒別及其質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：芫花 顯微 性狀 混淆 鑒別