扭曲的身體與自然的體育

　　摘 要：盧梭以其鞭辟入里的洞見(jiàn)和省察，為現(xiàn)代政治哲學(xué)的理智思考留下了豐厚的學(xué)術(shù)遺產(chǎn)，現(xiàn)代政治制度的發(fā)展歷程也離不開(kāi)其奠基性與開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的思考。但作為哲人的盧梭，單一理路的思考并不能完全呈現(xiàn)其復(fù)雜思想的多重面向，因此把盧梭對(duì)于身體以及體育教育的思考帶回體育哲學(xué)的思考之中，重新思索對(duì)于身體的關(guān)注在盧梭整個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)思想脈絡(luò)中的恰切位置，顯得必要而迫切。依據(jù)文本的分析，提出了對(duì)于盧梭體育思想的解釋閉環(huán)：第一，科學(xué)與藝術(shù)的發(fā)展，個(gè)體在遵循著抽象意見(jiàn)的同時(shí)，不僅敗壞了人們的審美趣味，也損毀了人的氣力、削弱了人的勇氣。第二，面對(duì)這種敗壞，愛(ài)彌兒似的自然教育無(wú)疑為培植強(qiáng)健身體、抵御民情敗壞提供了可能。第三，盧梭把自然教育放在教育歷程的基礎(chǔ)性位置，并不僅僅是在強(qiáng)調(diào)培育強(qiáng)健身體之于個(gè)體發(fā)展的重要性，而是意欲強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體靈魂與意志力的孱弱，無(wú)法承受現(xiàn)代社會(huì)所帶來(lái)的偶然與變動(dòng)，自然教育的深層目的在于培養(yǎng)人的克制與堅(jiān)韌，從而能夠抵御輿論風(fēng)尚和習(xí)俗的敗壞，重歸社會(huì)，從而使一種德性的生活成為可能。
　　關(guān) 鍵 詞：體育哲學(xué)；身體；體育教育；盧梭
　　中圖分類號(hào)：G80-05 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1006-7116（2018）02-0001-08
　　The twisted body and natural sports
　　——The overall orientation of Rousseau’s physical education view
　　WU Yong-jin，LU Xiao-cong
　�。⊿chool of Sociology and Political Science，Shanghai University，Shanghai 200444，China）
　　Abstract： Based on his penetrating insight and observation， Rousseau left a great academic legacy for the rational thinking of modern political philosophy， and the course of development of modern political systems cannot be carried out without his foundation-laying and ground-breaking thinking. However， as a philosopher， Rousseau’s undiversified rational thinking cannot completely present the multiple orientations of his complex thoughts， therefore， it seems to be necessary and urgent to bring Rousseau’s thinking about the body and physical education back to the thinking of sports philosophy， and to rethink the appropriate position of attention paid to the body in Rousseau’s entire academic thoughts. Based on their analysis， the authors put forward the following closed loops for explaining Rousseau’s physical education thoughts： firstly， in the development of science and art， individuals not only corrupted people’s aesthetic taste， but also undermined people’s strength and weakened people’s courage； secondly， facing such a sort of corruption， undoubtedly Emil like natural education provides a possibility for cultivating a strong body and resisting mores corruption； thirdly， Rousseau placed natural education at a foundational position in the course of education， which is not just to emphasize the importance of cultivating a strong body to individual development， but intended to emphasize the frailty of individual soul and willpower， and their inability to bear uncertainties and changes brought by modern society； the deep purpose of natural education is to cultivate people’s restraint and toughness， so that they can resist the corruption of public opinion atmosphere and customs， return to society， thus make a virtuous life become possible.

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：扭曲 身體 自然 體育