烤煙主流煙氣中氫氰酸釋放量的差異性及主要影響因素分析

　　摘 要：為研究我國烤煙主產(chǎn)區(qū)煙葉卷煙主流煙氣中氫氰酸釋放量的差異及主要的影響因素，選取了我國5個主產(chǎn)區(qū)，上中下三部位的烤煙煙葉作為試驗材料，測定了煙葉化學成分含量和卷煙主流煙氣中氫氰酸釋放量，并進行方差分析、相關(guān)性分析、多元線性回歸與通徑分析。結(jié)果表明，產(chǎn)區(qū)間氫氰酸釋放量差異達顯著性水平，其中黃淮煙區(qū)極顯著高于其他4個產(chǎn)區(qū)；部位間氫氰酸釋放量差異達極顯著水平，表現(xiàn)為：上部葉>中部葉>下部葉。主流煙氣中氫氰酸釋放量與煙葉中總植物堿、揮發(fā)堿、氨、總氮以及氨基酸等含氮類物質(zhì)以及丙二酸和氯呈顯著性正相關(guān)；與總糖、還原糖以及鉀氯比呈顯著性負相關(guān)�；貧w分析和通徑分析結(jié)果表明，影響主流煙氣中氫氰酸釋放量的主要因素為：總氮>總植物堿>脯氨酸>氨>氯。多元逐步回歸分析建立了主流煙氣中氫氰酸釋放量的回歸模型，該模型能夠解釋61.3%因變量的變化，準確預測仍需綜合其他因素進一步優(yōu)化模型。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：烤煙；主流煙氣；氫氰酸；差異；影響因素
　　中圖分類號：S572.01；TS411 文章編號：1007-5119（2014）03-0085-05 DOI：10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2014.03.017
　　Abstract： In order to study the difference and major influencing factors of hydrocyanic cyanide release of flue-cured tobacco in mainstream smoke， the flue-cured tobacco at three stem positions from five main producing areas in China were selected as the test material. The release amount of hydrocyanic cyanide and chemical component contents were determined， and their relationships were studied by using correlation analysis， multiple linear regression， and path analysis. The results showed that the release amount of hydrogen cyanide in mainstream cigarette smoke was significantly different among producing areas. The amount in Huanghuai area was significantly higher than others. The release amounts of hydrogen cyanide in mainstream cigarette smoke of unblended flue-cured tobaccos leaves at different stem positions were also significant， upper leaves > middle leaves > lower leaves. Chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves had huge influence on hydrogen cyanide release in mainstream smoke. Hydrocyanic cyanide release positively correlated with alkaloids， volatile alkali， ammonia， total nitrogen， amino acids and other nitrogenous substances， malonic acid and chlorine； while negatively correlated with total sugar， reducing sugar and ratio of potassium to chloride. Regression analysis and path analysis results showed that the main factors affecting the release amount of hydrocyanic cyanide in cigarette mainstream smoke was as follow： the total nitrogen > total alkaloid > praline > ammonia > chlorine. A regression model of hydrocyanic cyanide release in mainstream cigarette smoke was established， which could explain 61.3% of the variation in the dependent variable. Other influencing factor is required to establish more accurate prediction model.
　　Keywords： flue-cured tobacco； mainstream cigarette smoke； hydrogen cyanide； difference； influencing factors
　　卷煙主流煙氣中氫氰酸是煙葉中相關(guān)化學成分在700～1000 ℃燃燒時的裂解產(chǎn)物[1]。雖然釋放量低，但其是霍夫曼有害清單中最具纖毛毒性的物質(zhì)，國際癌癥研究機構(gòu)把氫氰酸列為卷煙煙氣中最具毒性物質(zhì)之一，2009年被列為我國卷煙主流煙氣中最具代表性的七項有害成分之一[2-4]。隨著我國加

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