氣氛調(diào)控養(yǎng)護(hù)對片煙醇化質(zhì)量的影響

　　摘要[目的]明確倉庫氣氛調(diào)控劑對貴州省特定溫濕度條件下片煙醇化效果的影響。[方法]選取2011年度黔西南地區(qū)的B2X、B2C、B3B和黔南地區(qū)B2X、C3F、B2B 6個(gè)等級的片煙，進(jìn)行氣調(diào)養(yǎng)護(hù)貯存2年，以常規(guī)密封貯存為對照進(jìn)行比較；再將醇化2年后的片煙按前處理繼續(xù)貯存1年，進(jìn)行延展性試驗(yàn)，通過測定樣品的內(nèi)在理化指標(biāo)和感官質(zhì)量評價(jià)來分析其影響程度。[結(jié)果]6個(gè)等級片煙經(jīng)密封降氧貯存后，片煙顏色轉(zhuǎn)深得到一定程度上的抑制；煙葉評吸綜合得分與對照相比基本一致，隨時(shí)間增加綜合得分均有所上升；理化指標(biāo)測定結(jié)果顯示，密封降氧處理對煙葉的影響與正常貯存效果基本相同，總糖、還原糖和總植物堿含量均有所下降，糖堿比更趨向于最適。[結(jié)論]氣調(diào)劑的使用對片煙的醇化進(jìn)程抑制影響較小。
　　關(guān)鍵詞 煙葉質(zhì)量；自然醇化；氣氛調(diào)控劑；密封降氧
　　中圖分類號 S509.2 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2017）03-0086-04
　　Abstract[Objective] In order to identify the impact of airregulating agent on aging tobacco quality in Guizhou specific temperature and humidity conditions. [Method] The six grades of tobacco， B2X， B2C， B3B of southwest， and B2X， C3F， B2B of southern Guizhou Province in 2011 were selected to sealed deoxygenation aging for two years. After the pretreatment， the tobacco were continue to be stored for one year as extensibility experiment， and the normal aging group as controls. For analyzing the degree of influence， the physical and chemical analysis and artificial smoking value of the measured tobacco were tested. [Result] The results showed that composite score of artificial smoking value in six grades of tobacco with airregulating agent aging are consistent compared with the control group， and the tobacco color from overdarkening during aging were inhibited under said condition to a certain extent. The overall score is increasing with time. Physical and chemical analysis showed that the effect of sealed deoxygenation aging to tobacco as same as the control group. The total sugar， reducing sugar and total alkali of tobacco has declined， and the sugar/nicotine ratio tends to be more optimal. [Conclusion]There are no inhibition effect on putting airregulating agent to tobacco aging process.
　　Key words Quality of tobacco leaf；Nature aging；Airregulating agent；Sealed deoxygenation
　　煙葉醇化的實(shí)質(zhì)是將煙葉中不利的品質(zhì)成分在特定的環(huán)境條件下，經(jīng)過連續(xù)的生物化學(xué)反應(yīng)最終轉(zhuǎn)換成有利的品質(zhì)成分[1]。在這一過程中煙葉會受到物理因素（環(huán)境溫度、相對濕度、空氣含氧量）和生物因素（包括微生物、酶等）及煙葉醇化工藝（煙葉含水率、煙葉包裝差異）等的影響，其中物理因素在醇化過程中起著極其重要的作用[2-5]。目前，為提高煙葉醇化品質(zhì)，多釆用物理處理、添加活性物質(zhì)、發(fā)酵工藝改造、加料醇化以及膠囊方法等各種技術(shù)來改善煙葉醇化條件[6-7]。
　　為響應(yīng)安全環(huán)保理念，煙葉貯存過程中采用氣調(diào)法對片煙進(jìn)行養(yǎng)護(hù)在煙草行業(yè)中正逐步推廣。倉庫氣氛調(diào)控劑對在庫片煙的蟲害和霉變防治起到一定效果，能殺蟲滅卵，無毒無害，不燃不爆，常溫倉儲，降低成本；同時(shí)對因氧化引起的變色、褐變、油印等質(zhì)量變化有很強(qiáng)的抑制作用，有利于保持煙葉的正常顏色和均勻度、光澤度及油分等，有利于煙葉的合理生產(chǎn)和卷煙質(zhì)量的穩(wěn)定提高[8-12]。由于倉庫氣氛調(diào)控劑的原理之一是降低貯存環(huán)境的氧氣量，一定程度上抑制了酶促棕化反應(yīng)，對卷煙原料的醇化起到了延緩作用，但其延緩影響及程度不甚清楚。而文獻(xiàn)中多只是通過感官評吸來評價(jià)其對片煙內(nèi)在質(zhì)量的影響，因此降氧密封貯存對片煙綜合質(zhì)量的影響有待進(jìn)一步研究。
　　筆者通過對貴州省內(nèi)不同部位的初烤片煙及醇化2年后的片煙進(jìn)行氣調(diào)劑施放降氧封存，以密封非降氧處理作為對照，對試驗(yàn)前后樣品的醇化品質(zhì)進(jìn)行分析，了解在貴州特定的溫濕度條件下氣氛調(diào)控劑對片煙醇化質(zhì)量的影響，為拓展貴州煙葉的使用、穩(wěn)定煙葉醇化質(zhì)量、保持卷煙產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定性奠定基礎(chǔ)。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：養(yǎng)護(hù) 調(diào)控 氣氛 質(zhì)量 影響