中藥生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)

　　[摘要] 該文針對中藥材GAP實施過程中面臨的生態(tài)及經(jīng)濟學問題，在介紹生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)的起源、概念、特點及實用技術，總結(jié)我國生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)的起源和常用技術和特點，著重介紹我國在景觀、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、群落、種群、個體和基因等不同生物層次上的生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)模式的基礎上，分析了中藥生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)的背景及現(xiàn)狀，提出了中藥生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展思路及重點任務，包括：①全國中藥材生產(chǎn)格局分析及規(guī)劃;②區(qū)域中藥農(nóng)業(yè)典型特征提取;③各區(qū)域典型中藥材與根際土壤微生物互作規(guī)律及機制研究;④中藥材生態(tài)種植技術研究;⑤中藥生態(tài)種植模式提取及固化;⑥中藥生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)理論研究。文章指出中藥材GAP與中藥生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)既有區(qū)別，又有聯(lián)系，二者各有特點，但并不矛盾。在中藥材GAP生產(chǎn)中，大力推廣生態(tài)種植，促進生態(tài)與經(jīng)濟兩者之間的協(xié)調(diào)和統(tǒng)一，是中藥材GAP發(fā)展的必然趨勢。
　　[關鍵詞] 生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè); GAP; 中藥材; 種植; 生態(tài)經(jīng)濟學
　　Ecological agriculture： future of Good Agriculture Practice of
　　Chinese materia medica
　　GUO Lan-ping， ZHOU Liang-yun， MO Ge， WANG Sheng， HUANG Lu-qi*
　�。⊿tate Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs， National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica，
　　China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， Beijing 100700， China）
　　[Abstract] Based on the ecological and economic problems in Good Agriculture Practice （GAP） of Chinese material medica， we introduced the origin， concept， features and operative technology of eco-agriculture worldwide， emphasizing its modes on different biological levels of landscape， ecosystem， community， population， individual and gene in China. And on this basis， we analyzed the background and current situation of eco-agriculture of Chinese materia medica， and proposed its development ideas and key tasks， including： ①Analysis and planning of the production pattern of Chinese material medica national wide. ②Typical features extraction of regional agriculture of Chinese materia medica. ③ Investigation of the interaction and its mechanism between typical Chinese materia medica in each region and the micro-ecology of rhizosphere soil. ④ Study on technology of eco-agriculture of Chinese materia medica. ⑤ Extraction and solidification of eco-agriculture modes of Chinese materia medica. ⑥ Study on the theory of eco-agriculture of Chinese materia medica. Also we pointed out that GAP and eco-agriculture of Chinese material medica are both different and relative， but they are not contradictory with their own features. It is an irresistible trend to promote eco-agriculture in the GAP of Chinese material medica and coordinate ecological and economic development.
　　[Key words] ecological agriculture（eco-agriculture）; GAP; Chinese materia medica; cultivation; ecological economics
　　doi：10.4268/cjcmm20151707
　　現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中大量使用化肥與農(nóng)藥，不但造成農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量及安全性下降，也造成土壤和水源污染，導致農(nóng)田蚯蚓等有益生物及微生物數(shù)量急劇下降，大規(guī)模的單一機械化種植，加劇了土壤惡化的程度，使資源與環(huán)境問題不斷凸顯。全球環(huán)境惡化、食品安全隱患成為當今最嚴重的問題，引發(fā)人們對建立在化肥與農(nóng)藥基礎上高投資、高能耗的化學農(nóng)業(yè)的反思，并由此產(chǎn)生了生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)（ecological agriculture）的思潮，繼而在農(nóng)學、生態(tài)學、資源學、環(huán)境毒理學等相關學科中迅速發(fā)展。

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