誠信:企業(yè)的決勝之道 企業(yè)決勝四季度
發(fā)布時間:2020-03-10 來源: 感恩親情 點擊:
目前的山東正面臨一個“尷尬”:一向有著“誠信為本”優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)的山東人在國內(nèi)外享有良好的口碑;另一方面,在經(jīng)濟(jì)交往中,各種假冒偽劣等失信現(xiàn)象也屢見不鮮。經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的不講誠信已經(jīng)初現(xiàn)惡果,《經(jīng)濟(jì)日報》的新經(jīng)濟(jì)實力排名把山東放在了第9位,這明顯低于山東的現(xiàn)實實力,其主要原因之一就是經(jīng)濟(jì)交往中的失信影響了綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。要改變這種狀況,首先要建設(shè)誠信山東。
信用建設(shè)恰逢其時
山東省工商局副局長王天仁對誠信問題有著深刻的認(rèn)識。 他說,現(xiàn)在人們買東西往往要先問一問“是不是真的”,因為假的東西太多了。合同違約和欺詐也屢見不鮮,據(jù)統(tǒng)計,目前的合同履約率不足60%。由于彼此缺乏信任,目前私營企業(yè)70%的交易為一手交錢一手交貨的現(xiàn)貨交易,導(dǎo)致市場交易方式倒退,影響市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展與完善。
加入世貿(mào)組織為中國的企業(yè)提出了誠信方面的要求。在與國外客商打交道時能不能講誠信,不僅直接關(guān)系到合作成敗,還涉及一個民族形象的問題。國外客商尋找合作伙伴,誠信是一個重要條件,信用已成為投資軟環(huán)境的首要因素。
著名經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家盛洪認(rèn)為,山東的誠信建設(shè)應(yīng)該是復(fù)興而不是啟蒙。山東作為孔孟之鄉(xiāng)是相當(dāng)幸運的,因為儒家文化的一些精神是符合時代發(fā)展特別是市場經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展趨勢的,其中一個重要內(nèi)容就是誠信。孔子說,“人而無信,不知其可也”,這些儒家主張至今仍有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。盛洪說,這種文化的挖掘和推廣是個大工程。市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的參與者們在不斷的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動中會發(fā)現(xiàn),合作比不合作、誠信比不誠信獲得的更多,所以市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展結(jié)果是誠信者勝。但在實際生活中,這個過程可能是相當(dāng)漫長的。這就需要一種文化的積累,若干代人積累的經(jīng)驗是合作優(yōu)于不合作、誠信優(yōu)于不誠信,那么它就可以作為一種文化流傳下來,通過教育使下一代人接受這種觀念。
建立信用體系迫在眉睫
如何把山東的誠信文化優(yōu)勢利用好,山東的一批以誠信為經(jīng)營理念的企業(yè)已作出了一個很好的答案。海爾所以能成為一個世界品牌,靠的是其過硬的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和“真誠到永遠(yuǎn)”的誠信思想,海爾產(chǎn)品近年來保持零投訴不是偶然的,正是體現(xiàn)了這種企業(yè)文化的力量。
事實上,幾個人或幾家企業(yè)講誠信是不可能建成誠信社會的。打造誠信,一個重要保障是建立信用制度,它包括信用記錄、信用公示、信用獎懲和社會信用資源的整合共享。在信用建設(shè)比較好的國家,人們不敢輕易挑戰(zhàn)信用的一個重要原因,是他們的信用制度極為嚴(yán)密,他們不愿意為失信付出幾倍甚至一生的代價。而中國目前缺少一個健全的信用制度。
建立信用制度首先要有信用信息,但目前的企業(yè)信用資源分散在社會各處,幾乎不能發(fā)揮作用。一些企業(yè)的注冊登記、年度檢驗信息和誠信守法、違法違規(guī)等方面的信用信息分散在不同的主管單位,由于信息不能整合,人們無法全面了解企業(yè)的信用信息。
長期以來,由于信息的不透明,一些不法分子在一個地方做了壞事被查處,可以跑到另一個地方繼續(xù)去坑蒙拐騙,使違法者的成本和風(fēng)險變得太小。按照有關(guān)法律,公司被吊銷執(zhí)照、企業(yè)法人被判刑或因法人經(jīng)營不善導(dǎo)致企業(yè)破產(chǎn)的,該企業(yè)法定代表人在3年內(nèi)不能再擔(dān)任新的企業(yè)法定代表人。但因為沒有相關(guān)信息披露渠道,這一條文的實施有很大的難度。
在不同的政府部門信息交流尚不暢通的前提下, 加強(qiáng)中介機(jī)構(gòu)建設(shè)是信用信息來源的重要途徑。像穆迪、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾、登百事等知名的跨國公司,都是信用調(diào)查和評估中介機(jī)構(gòu),這些中介機(jī)構(gòu)被業(yè)主們稱為“防止跌倒的手杖”,在幫助企業(yè)了解合作對象的真實情況、減小投資風(fēng)險等方面起到了非常重要的作用。目前,中國的類似機(jī)構(gòu)才剛剛起步,而山東還沒有專業(yè)的信用中介機(jī)構(gòu)。
山東省工商系統(tǒng)的信用信息整合工作已邁出了第一步。據(jù)了解,山東工商行政管理系統(tǒng)正在建設(shè)企業(yè)信用管理服務(wù)平臺,以期把工商系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部目前已掌握的企業(yè)信用信息整合起來,并實現(xiàn)全省聯(lián)網(wǎng),該系統(tǒng)可望在年內(nèi)建成。
但這僅靠工商系統(tǒng)是不夠的,還必須把金融、公安、法院、稅務(wù)等部門所掌握的企業(yè)信息全部整合起來,建成一個巨大的信息資源庫。信息庫建好了,才有可能進(jìn)一步實現(xiàn)信息公示和獎懲,并為企業(yè)和社會提供相應(yīng)的信用資料。
讓信用建設(shè)有法可依
當(dāng)然,不管是官方的信用信息還是中介機(jī)構(gòu)的信息,都要有相應(yīng)法律法規(guī)做保障。公布企業(yè)黑名單涉及不涉及商業(yè)機(jī)密?算不算侵權(quán)?這些都要有明確的法律保障。所以,誠信建設(shè)要有法律做支持。例如,老百姓對注水肉深惡痛絕,但長期以來沒有關(guān)于注水肉的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn),除非現(xiàn)場抓到,否則執(zhí)法者很難懲處那些注水者。據(jù)透露,檢測注水肉的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)即將頒布,這無疑是對違反市場道德者的有力打擊。
在2004年1月8日召開的山東省十屆人大二次會議上,山東省省長韓寓群在政府工作報告中把建設(shè)“誠信山東”作為一個專門問題提出來,并且比較具體地描述了信用建設(shè)的途徑。 韓寓群省長在報告中說,建設(shè)誠信山東首要任務(wù)是建立以依法行政和取信于民、服務(wù)社會為主要內(nèi)容的政府信用系統(tǒng),同時加快建設(shè)以信用征信、信用評價、信用自律和失信懲戒為主要內(nèi)容的企業(yè)信用系統(tǒng),以數(shù)據(jù)收集、使用和披露為主要內(nèi)容的個人信用系統(tǒng),發(fā)展以信用咨詢、信用評價、信用擔(dān)保為主要內(nèi)容的社會信用服務(wù)系統(tǒng),努力形成以道德為支撐、產(chǎn)權(quán)為基礎(chǔ)、法律為保障的社會信用制度,營造市場公平競爭、各界守法經(jīng)營、居民放心消費、客商樂于投資的良好環(huán)境,塑造誠信山東的良好形象?梢灶A(yù)見,建設(shè)誠信山東已經(jīng)不是一個細(xì)枝末節(jié)問題,而成為一個經(jīng)濟(jì)大省市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體系建設(shè)的重要部分。
Mr. Wang Tianren, Vice Director of the Provincial Administration of Industry and Commerce of Shandong, has a deep understanding about honesty. He says, nowadays, when people go shopping, they always ask whether the commodities are “real ones,” since there are too many counterfeit and shoddy products in the markets. In addition, the behaviors of contract-breaking and cheating are very common. Statistics reveal that nowadays somewhat less than 60% of signed contracts can be executed. At present, about 70% of transactions between private enterprises are dealt with in cash, since they do not believe in each other’s credit. This kind of primitive business approach, undoubtedly hinders development of the market economy.
However, China’s accession to the WTO produces requirements concerning the credit of Chinese enterprises. When dealing with foreign traders, honesty is not only a key factor for the business, but also an illumination of the image of the Chinese nation. Honesty is always regarded as an important condition for foreign enterprises to seek cooperative partners in China; for, as the Americans are fond of saying, “Honesty is the best policy.” Credit, therefore, has become the most important factor for establishing a proper investment environment.
A group of Shandong-based enterprises have done very well in terms of honesty. Take Haier, which has now become a world famous brand, as an instance. Behind Haier’s successful operation worldwide is its excellent product quality and honest business tenet: “Sincere forever.” In recent years, it is the conscientious practice of these two principles that has rendered Haier’s products free of consumer complaints.
On the other hand, an honest society cannot be constituted only by several persons or a few enterprises. To establish an honest society, a credit system comprising accurate credit records, credit declaration, credit rewards and punishments, and comprehensive utilization of social credit resources is a must. In countries where the system of credit is highly developed, the reason why people dare not challenge the credit of others is that in these countries there are perfect credit systems, which make people unwilling to breach promises at the cost of losing a lifetime of good credit and good will. In China, the pity is that, to date, we have not developed a sound credit system.
Under these circumstances, the establishment of credit information agencies is very important. Some famous multinational companies, such as Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., and Standard & Poor’s, are professional agencies engaged in credit investigation and evaluation. They are referred to by their customers as the “walking stick needed to avoid falling” and play an important role in evaluating information concerning their business partners and customers, thus greatly reducing the investment venture or “risk.” However, similar reliable agencies cannot be found in China. In Shandong, there is not even one professional agency engaged in credit investigation.
At present, the Provincial Administration of Industry and Commerce of Shandong is constructing a platform to integrate credit information relating to enterprises in Shandong Province. Before the end of 2004, it is anticipated that the system will be put into operation.
相關(guān)熱詞搜索:之道 決勝 誠信 誠信:企業(yè)的決勝之道 誠信的企業(yè) 不誠信的企業(yè)
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