鐵路工程項(xiàng)目二次經(jīng)營(yíng)管理探析:勘察設(shè)計(jì)視角

        發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-20 來(lái)源: 感悟愛(ài)情 點(diǎn)擊:


          摘要:當(dāng)前伴隨著勘察設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求的提高、人員機(jī)械費(fèi)用支出的增加、設(shè)計(jì)變更難度的增大等,鐵路工程勘察設(shè)計(jì)成本日趨上升,市場(chǎng)利潤(rùn)空間被逐漸壓縮,這使提高二次經(jīng)營(yíng)效率成為設(shè)計(jì)單位項(xiàng)目管理工作的重中之重,關(guān)系到企業(yè)的生存與發(fā)展,F(xiàn)有研究多從施工角度探討不同類型建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的二次經(jīng)營(yíng)舉措,鮮有文獻(xiàn)從設(shè)計(jì)階段著手,探討勘察設(shè)計(jì)二次經(jīng)營(yíng)管理效率提升問(wèn)題;诖,本文對(duì)鐵路工程項(xiàng)目勘察設(shè)計(jì)二次經(jīng)營(yíng)的必要性、實(shí)施要點(diǎn)及管理效率提升問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了探討,并從勘察設(shè)計(jì)視角出發(fā)探討了鐵路工程項(xiàng)目施工二次經(jīng)營(yíng)的重點(diǎn)及創(chuàng)效舉措,為鐵路項(xiàng)目二次經(jīng)營(yíng)管理提供決策參考。
          Abstract: Nowadays, with the increase of technological requirements for survey and design, the rise on the cost of relative labor and machines, the improvement on the difficulty of design changes, the cost of the survey and design for railway projects is going higher and higher, which extremely reduce the profit. Thus, it is urgent for the design companies to improve their efficiency of the second operation management for it is critical for the survival and development of the enterprises. Most of the existing research have focused on the second operation from the view of construction phase, while the survey and design part is highly neglected. Accordingly, this paper discussed the necessity, key practical points of the second operation management for survey and design of railway projects. Basing on that, the specific strategies for efficiency improvement of second operation management is provided. Moreover, the key points and measures for the second operation of construction for railway projects are given from the point of view of survey and design. The research results are expected to serve as decision making references for similar second operation management of railway projects.
          關(guān)鍵詞:二次經(jīng)營(yíng);鐵路項(xiàng)目;勘察設(shè)計(jì)
          Key words: second operation;railway projects;survey and design
          中圖分類號(hào):F530.7 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-4311(2019)02-0034-04
          0 引言
          工程項(xiàng)目二次經(jīng)營(yíng)指的是甲方和乙方將合同簽訂好以后發(fā)生的經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)。一次經(jīng)營(yíng)是二次經(jīng)營(yíng)的前提[1],二次經(jīng)營(yíng)作為一次經(jīng)營(yíng)的延續(xù),是對(duì)一次經(jīng)營(yíng)的重要延續(xù)。與此同時(shí),利用二次經(jīng)營(yíng)可對(duì)甲方和乙方之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行改善,提升履約的質(zhì)量,也為以后的“一次經(jīng)營(yíng)”創(chuàng)造條件[2][3]。實(shí)際上,二次經(jīng)營(yíng)理念的提出是為企業(yè)的項(xiàng)目盈利提供了新途徑和新管理方法[4][5]。
          鐵路工程的特點(diǎn)決定了鐵路工程項(xiàng)目具有極高的復(fù)雜性[1],加之當(dāng)前鐵路建設(shè)更加依法合規(guī),鐵路建設(shè)面臨安全質(zhì)量更嚴(yán)、工作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更高、管理流程更多、變更索賠更難的新形勢(shì),致使鐵路工程各參建單位面臨嚴(yán)峻的創(chuàng)效壓力。已有實(shí)踐及學(xué)術(shù)研究多從施工角度探討不同類型建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的二次經(jīng)營(yíng)舉措,鮮有文獻(xiàn)從設(shè)計(jì)階段著手,探討勘察設(shè)計(jì)二次經(jīng)營(yíng)管理效率提升問(wèn)題。然而,新形勢(shì)下鐵路工程勘察設(shè)計(jì)二次經(jīng)營(yíng),面臨著全新的艱巨挑戰(zhàn),需要鐵路項(xiàng)目勘察設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)施主體應(yīng)始終將二次經(jīng)營(yíng)作為經(jīng)營(yíng)的頭等任務(wù);诖,本文從必要性、實(shí)施要點(diǎn)、管理效率提升措施等方面對(duì)鐵路工程項(xiàng)目勘察設(shè)計(jì)二次經(jīng)營(yíng)管理問(wèn)題進(jìn)行探析,以期對(duì)鐵路工程勘察設(shè)計(jì)二次經(jīng)營(yíng)管理實(shí)踐提供一定指導(dǎo)。
          1 鐵路工程項(xiàng)目勘察設(shè)計(jì)二次經(jīng)營(yíng)的必要性分析
          勘察設(shè)計(jì)的二次經(jīng)營(yíng),深受政策、制度、管理、市場(chǎng)等多重因素影響,工作形勢(shì)嚴(yán)峻、難度很大、任務(wù)艱巨,其實(shí)施必要性主要體現(xiàn)在以下方面:
          1.1 計(jì)劃體制做法濃厚,政策規(guī)則難以遵守
          根據(jù)FIDC條款和《工程勘察設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)費(fèi)規(guī)定》,勘察設(shè)計(jì)費(fèi)可以考慮勘察設(shè)計(jì)周期緊張、研究階段反復(fù)、過(guò)程方案比較、設(shè)計(jì)方案變更等影響;但在目前建設(shè)體制下,業(yè)主單位大多采用勘察設(shè)計(jì)費(fèi)按照工程總投資比例控制,不按照實(shí)際發(fā)生工作量計(jì)算勘察設(shè)計(jì)費(fèi)用,造成勘察設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)費(fèi)政策難以嚴(yán)格遵守,勘察設(shè)計(jì)盈利創(chuàng)效困難。隨著勘察技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求的提高、項(xiàng)目研究過(guò)程的反復(fù)多變、人員機(jī)械費(fèi)用支出的增加,勘察設(shè)計(jì)成本越來(lái)越大,市場(chǎng)利潤(rùn)空間被逐步壓縮,許多項(xiàng)目維持在微利甚至保本之間。

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