有機(jī)無機(jī)復(fù)混肥及施氮量對烤煙K326生長發(fā)育及產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響

　　摘 要：為發(fā)揮有機(jī)無機(jī)復(fù)混肥的優(yōu)勢，篩選出烤煙K326品種適宜的氮肥用量，提高煙葉產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)，該研究設(shè)置3個(gè)氮肥施用量的試驗(yàn)處理，每個(gè)處理選出長勢均勻一致的煙株5株，分別在移栽后35d、60d、75d、90d及封頂后7d分別測定農(nóng)藝性狀，及測定烤后煙葉的產(chǎn)量、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、品質(zhì)。結(jié)果表明：與其它處理相比，T2處理（氮肥用量105kg/hm2）表現(xiàn)最好，特別是移栽后75d，優(yōu)勢開始凸顯，煙株?duì)I養(yǎng)均衡，長勢長相較好，能夠正常成熟，煙葉上等煙比例比T1、T3處理分別高4.06%、1，69%，產(chǎn)量分別高234.73kg/hm2、3.88kg/hm2，產(chǎn)值分別高6 254.17元/hm2、975.98元/hm2，煙葉內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分協(xié)調(diào)，感官評吸質(zhì)量較高，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了提高煙葉質(zhì)量和煙農(nóng)收益的目的。因此，烤煙K326氮肥用量在105kg/hm2時(shí)產(chǎn)質(zhì)量表現(xiàn)最好。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：烤煙；有機(jī)無機(jī)復(fù)混肥；氮肥用量；生長；產(chǎn)量；品質(zhì)
　　中圖分類號(hào) S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1007-7731（2016）20-0032-04
　　Effect of Organic-inorganic Compound and Different Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Development Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Variety K326
　　Zhang Lumin et al.
　�。℉onghe Tobacco Company of Yunnan Tobacco Corporation，Mile 652300，China）
　　Abstract：Using the advantages of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer，selecting the suitable amount of nitrogen fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco K326 screened，and improving the quality the yield of tobacco. The experiment was carried out on three soils with moderate nitrogen fertilizers. Five treatments were selected，which were 35，60，75，90 days after transplanting. Agronomic traits were measured 7 days after capping，and measuring the yield，economic benefit and quality of tobacco after baking. The outcome shown that：T2 treatment（105kg/hm2 nitrogen application）showed the best performance compared with other treatments，especially 75 days after transplanting. Advantages began to highlight，tobacco nutrition balanced，growing looks better and normal maturity. The yield of tobacco leaves was higher than that of T1 and T3，which were 4.06% and 1.69% higher than those of T1 and T3，respectively. The yield was 234.73kg/hm2 and 3.88kgkg/hm2，respectively，the output value was 6254.17 Yuan/hm2 and 975.98 Yuan/hm2. The chemical composition of the tobacco leaves is coordinated and the quality of the sensory evaluation is high，so the quality of the tobacco leaf and the income of the farmers are realized. Therefore，the yield of flue-cured tobacco K326 at 105 kg/hm2 was the best.
　　Key words：Flue-cured；Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer；Nutrient absorption；Growth； Yield；Quality
　　有機(jī)無機(jī)復(fù)混肥既含有有機(jī)成分也含有無機(jī)成分，消除了有機(jī)肥和無機(jī)肥的弱點(diǎn)，將有機(jī)肥和無機(jī)肥各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)集中于一個(gè)載體。不少研究表明：有機(jī)無機(jī)復(fù)混肥具有養(yǎng)分供應(yīng)平衡，肥料利用率高；改善土壤理化和生物性狀，活化土壤養(yǎng)分的優(yōu)勢[1]。不僅可以有利于烤煙的生長發(fā)育，也可以提高煙葉的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)[2-7]。本試驗(yàn)通過復(fù)合肥和有機(jī)無機(jī)復(fù)混肥3種不同施用量配比對煙葉產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)進(jìn)行小區(qū)試驗(yàn)，為篩選出紅河州烤煙K326大田生產(chǎn)最佳的氮肥用量，提高煙葉產(chǎn)量提供依據(jù)。
　　1 材料與方法
　　1.1 試驗(yàn)品種 供試烤煙品種為K326，煙苗為漂浮育苗。
　　1.2 試驗(yàn)地基本情況 試驗(yàn)于2016年云南省紅河州彌勒市西三鎮(zhèn)戈西村進(jìn)行，試驗(yàn)地海拔1 646.5m，經(jīng)度E103.44115335°，緯度N24.534167°，光照充足，降雨充沛（季節(jié)性較強(qiáng)，烤煙大田期前期少，后期多），月均降雨量達(dá)126mm以上；月均溫17.3℃，最高溫度22℃，最低溫度15℃。供試土壤為紅壤，地勢平坦，冬閑地。試驗(yàn)地pH值5.91，有機(jī)質(zhì)30.71g/kg，純氮1.57g/kg，水解性氮139.72mg/kg，速效鉀148.58mg/kg，有效磷14.98mg/kg。

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