采收方式對周口煙區(qū)烤煙上部葉烘烤效果的影響

　　摘要[目的]研究不同采收方式對周口煙區(qū)烤煙上部葉烘烤效果的影響。[方法]采用對比試驗，分別對常規(guī)采烤（T1）、上部葉一次性采烤（T2）、帶莖烘烤（T3）3種采烤方式的農(nóng)藝性狀、化學(xué)成分、經(jīng)濟效益進(jìn)行了研究。[結(jié)果]除葉長差異較大外，不同處理大田煙葉農(nóng)藝性狀差異不大；不同處理烤后煙葉化學(xué)成分烤后煙的煙堿含量為2.58%～2.68%，總氮含量從高到低依次為T1、T2、T3，還原糖與總糖的含量從高到低依次為T2、T1、T3，氯含量較低，T3比T2高出0.08百分點；T1處理單葉重最重（13.15 g），產(chǎn)量也最高，比T2處理高70.2 kg/hm2，上等煙的比例與中等煙的比例從高到低依次為T3、T2、T1，其中T3處理中等煙的比例比T1處理高4.97百分點，比T2高0.73百分點；T3處理上等煙比例比T1處理高4.97百分點，比T2處理高0.67百分點；T3處理的均價比T1處理高0.49元/kg，比T2處理高0.08元/kg。[結(jié)論] 帶莖烘烤有明顯的經(jīng)濟優(yōu)勢，其烤后煙葉的品質(zhì)較好，經(jīng)濟價值較高。
　　關(guān)鍵詞 上部葉；采收方式；烘烤效益；周口煙區(qū)
　　中圖分類號 S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2017）03-0043-03
　　Abstract[Objective] To research the effects of harvesting methods on the upper leaves curing in Zhoukou Tobacco Area.[Method] Comparative test method was adopted to research and analyze the agronomic characters， chemical components and economic benefits of three harvesting methods， which were conventional curing （T1）， onetime upper leaf curing （T2） and curing with stalk （T3）.[Result] Except that the leaf length had relatively great differences， different treatments showed little differences in field agronomic characters of tobacco leaves. Nicotine content in fluecured tobacco was 2.58-2.68%；nitrogen contents in three treatments from high to low were in the order of T1， T2 and T3. The contents of reducing sugar and total sugar from high to low were in the order of T2， T1 and T3. Chlorine content was relatively low， T3 treatments was 0.08 percentage points higher than T2；single leaf weight in T1 was the maximum （13.15 g）；yield was the highest in T1 treatment， which was 70.2 g higher than that in T2 treatment. Proportions of firstclass tobaccos and middleclass tobaccos from high to low were in the order of T3， T2 and T1. Proportion of middleclass tobaccos in treatment T3 was 4.97 percentage points higher than that in T1， and 0.67 percentage points higher than that in T2. Average price in T3 treatment was 0.49 and 0.08 yuan/kg higher than those in T1 and T2， respectively.[Conclusion] Curing with stalk has obvious economic advantages， the fluecured tobacco leaves has high quality and economic value.
　　Key words Upper leaf；Harvesting methods；Curing benefits；Zhoukou Tobacco Area
　　隨著消費者對卷煙質(zhì)量和安全性要求的提高，我國原有對煙葉原料質(zhì)量的要求已不能滿足國內(nèi)外市場的需要[1]，而上部煙葉對烤煙總體質(zhì)量、產(chǎn)量及等級都有重大影響[2-4]。好的上部葉在現(xiàn)代混合型卷煙和低焦油烤煙型卷煙葉組配方中起主導(dǎo)作用，對卷煙香味及其風(fēng)格至關(guān)重要[5-6]。然而，當(dāng)前國內(nèi)卷煙生產(chǎn)中的上部煙葉利用率較低，與國外上部葉利用率（40%）相比差距甚遠(yuǎn)[7-10]，直接影響了我國煙葉生產(chǎn)整體水平的提高[11-12]。我國上部煙葉一直采用傳統(tǒng)采烤方式，成熟一片，采烤一片，存在葉片偏厚、色深、組織結(jié)構(gòu)緊密、煙堿含量過高、還原糖及糖堿比低、內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分不協(xié)調(diào)等問題[13-14]，從而降低煙葉的品質(zhì)和可用性[2，15]，這可能與常規(guī)分次采收方式有關(guān)。由于常規(guī)采收方式不足以維持莖和根系代謝，而且還會消耗煙葉以前積累的化合物，導(dǎo)致煙葉內(nèi)化學(xué)成分比例失調(diào)，煙葉烘烤特性下降，上部煙葉成熟度不夠，烘烤后青煙和浮青煙多[16]。研究表明，上部4～6片煙葉一次性采收烘烤較常規(guī)采烤可提高上部葉烘烤質(zhì)量[17-18]。近年來，上部葉帶莖采收烘烤技術(shù)已在福建煙區(qū)、云南部分煙區(qū)推廣應(yīng)用。上部葉帶莖采收烘烤的外觀質(zhì)量、化學(xué)成分含量方面已有研究[2，4，19]，但是關(guān)于周口煙區(qū)上部葉帶莖烘烤效果的研究鮮有報道。筆者對周口煙葉上部葉帶莖烘烤進(jìn)行研究，以期體現(xiàn)周口煙區(qū)的煙葉特色，提高煙區(qū)煙葉的烘烤質(zhì)量。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：周口 烤煙 采收 烘烤 效果