不同播期與移栽方式對烤煙生長發(fā)育與品質(zhì)的影響

　　摘要 [目的]為探索不同播期與移栽方式對烤煙生長發(fā)育及產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響。[方法]設(shè)置不同播期與移栽方式，分析了煙株的農(nóng)藝性狀及經(jīng)濟指標(biāo)，并通過賦值法探究烤后煙葉化學(xué)品質(zhì)協(xié)調(diào)性及煙葉外觀質(zhì)量。[結(jié)果]隨著播期的推遲，煙株的大田生育期縮短，中山試驗區(qū)11月25日及永平11月30日播期的膜下移栽組合處理成熟期農(nóng)藝性狀、干物質(zhì)積累量、經(jīng)濟性狀及外觀質(zhì)量最優(yōu)。煙葉化學(xué)品質(zhì)受播期及移栽方式的影響，隨著移栽期的推遲，總糖和還原糖呈先上升后下降的趨勢，淀粉含量、總氮含量和煙堿含量逐漸下降，而鉀含量和氯含量則增加；膜下移栽處理提高了總糖和還原糖含量，降低了煙葉淀粉含量。[結(jié)論]中山試驗區(qū)11月25日播期及永平11月30日播期的膜下移栽處理下烤煙化學(xué)成分協(xié)調(diào)性及外觀質(zhì)量指數(shù)綜合評分較高，煙葉品質(zhì)較好。
　　關(guān)鍵詞 烤煙；播期；移栽方式；生長發(fā)育；品質(zhì)
　　中圖分類號 S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2018）20-0023-06
　　Abstract [Objective] To explore different sowing dates and transplanting methods on the effects of fluecured tobacco growth and quality. [Method] Different sowing dates and transplanting modes were designed. The agronomic traits and economic indicators of tobacco plant were analyzed. And the coordination chemistry quality and appearance quality of fluecured tobacco were explored by the assignment method. [Result]With the delaying of sowing date， the growth period in the field of tobacco were shorter. The agronomic traits， the accumulation of dry matter and the economic characters as well as the appearance quality optimal of fluecured tobacco were best under the experimental condition of sowing on November 25 under plastic film mulching in Zhongshan and sowing on November 30 under plastic film mulching in Yongping. The chemical quality of fluecured tobacco was affected by sowing date and transplanting mode. As the transplanting period delayed， total sugar and reducing sugar firstly enhanced and then reduced. Starch content， total nitrogen and nicotine content decreased gradually， but the content of potassium and chlorine content increased. The treatment of under plastic film mulching increased the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar， and decreased the content of starch. [Conclusion]The chemical components harmony index and appearance quality indexes were higher under the treatments of sowing on November 25 under plastic film mulching in Zhongshan and sowing on November 30 under plastic film mulching in Yongping.
　　Key words Fluecured tobacco；Sowing date；Transplanting method；Growth and development；Quality
　　播期和移栽方式是烤煙種植過程中重要的栽培措施，其實質(zhì)就是通過播期與移栽方式的改變以達(dá)到改變煙株前期的生長環(huán)境，影響烤煙大田生育進程、干物質(zhì)積累及生理代謝，以達(dá)到提高煙葉產(chǎn)量、改善烤后煙葉外觀質(zhì)量和化學(xué)品質(zhì)[1-4]。南方煙區(qū)由于氣候影響，在植烤煙生長前期低溫寡照，后期高溫多雨，高溫高濕容易造成病害發(fā)生，對煙株前期的生長發(fā)育、后期的成熟落黃、煙株外觀質(zhì)量及內(nèi)在化學(xué)品質(zhì)均有不良影響。為此，我國煙葉研究者研究了大量通過栽培措施改善煙株前期生長環(huán)境、減輕前期低溫危害的影響[5-10]。目前行業(yè)內(nèi)研究主要集中在單一的播期或移栽方式對烤煙生長發(fā)育與產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響，關(guān)于結(jié)合播期和移栽方式對烤煙生長發(fā)育與產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的研究則比較少見。福建武平
　　作
　　為我國優(yōu)質(zhì)的煙葉產(chǎn)區(qū)，在烤煙種植過程中同樣存在前期低溫寡照，后期高溫多雨的問題。鑒于此，筆者結(jié)合福建武平煙區(qū)海拔高度相差較大，氣候差別較大的環(huán)境特征，選取南部煙區(qū)代表的中山鎮(zhèn)和北部煙區(qū)代表永平鎮(zhèn)作為試驗地點，通過分析不同播期與移栽方式對烤煙生育進程、經(jīng)濟性狀、化學(xué)及外觀品質(zhì)的影響，來明確適宜福建武平產(chǎn)區(qū)的播期和移栽方式。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：移栽 烤煙 生長發(fā)育 品質(zhì) 方式