嘉禾煙區(qū)云煙99適宜留葉數(shù)與上部葉采收方式研究

　　摘 要：通過考察農(nóng)藝性狀、經(jīng)濟性狀與烤后煙葉化學成分，初步研究了烤煙品種云煙99在郴州嘉禾的適宜留葉數(shù)與上部葉采收方式。結(jié)果表明：留葉17片和留葉15片處理的云煙99煙株農(nóng)藝性狀差異不明顯，但留葉17片處理的上中等煙比例、均價和產(chǎn)值分別較留葉15片處理的高3.2個百分點、3.9%和4.8%，其中產(chǎn)值提高顯著；留葉17片和留葉15 片處理烤后煙葉化學成分含量有一定差異，留葉15片處理還原糖與鉀含量更接近優(yōu)質(zhì)煙標準，而留葉17片處理煙堿含量更接近優(yōu)質(zhì)煙標準。上部葉采收方式對云煙99煙株農(nóng)藝性狀影響不明顯，上部葉一次采收處理的產(chǎn)量與產(chǎn)值較常規(guī)分次采收處理略有下降，但有利于提高上部煙葉質(zhì)量，主要表現(xiàn)為鉀含量提高和煙堿含量降低。這表明云煙99在郴州嘉禾煙區(qū)種植的適宜留葉數(shù)為17片，同時上部葉一次采收是可行的。
　　關鍵詞：烤煙；云煙99；留葉數(shù)；采收方式；產(chǎn)質(zhì)量；嘉禾縣
　　中圖分類號：S572.062 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2016）11-0020-04
　　Abstract：The optimal remained leaves number and harvest mode of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 99 were studied by determination of agronomic traits， economic traits and chemical components in cured leaves. The results showed that： there was no evident difference in agronomic traits of Yunyan 99 between remained 17 leaves treatment and remained 15 leaves treatment， while the average price， proportion of superior and middle leaves and output value of remained 17 leaves treatment were higher than those of remained 15 leaves treatment by 3.9%， 3.2 percent point and 4.8% respectively， in which the increase in output value was significant. There existed differences in chemical components content in cured leaves between remained 17 leaves treatment and remained 15 leaves treatment， content of reducing sugar and K in remained 15 leaves treatment was more close to standard of high-quality tobacco than those of remained 17 leaves treatment， while content of nicotine showed the opposite trend between the two treatments. The harvest mode of upper leaves had no effect on agronomic traits of Yunyan 99. Compared to traditional harvest mode， yield and output value of upper leaves one time harvest treatment were slightly decreased， while the quality of upper leaves was improved， and it mainly showed an increase of K content and decrease of nicotine. So the optimal remained leaves number of Yunyan 99 in tobacco area of Jiahe County， Chenzhou City was17， and harvest upper leaves by one time was feasible.
　　Key words：flue-cured tobacco； Yunyan 99； remained leaves number； harvest mode； yield and quality； Jiahe county
　　栽培技術措施，如施肥量、施肥時期、種植密度與株行距、打頂時間等，對烤煙的長勢長相、產(chǎn)量及煙葉內(nèi)在品質(zhì)有很大影響。煙株留葉數(shù)是關系煙葉產(chǎn)量和煙葉品質(zhì)的重要因素。研究表明，留葉數(shù)與產(chǎn)量呈極顯著正相關，但與級數(shù)呈極顯著負相關[1-2]。李勇等[3]研究表明，煙株留葉數(shù)過少，產(chǎn)量會下降，且上部葉煙堿含量過高，工業(yè)可用性降低；留葉數(shù)過多，上部葉開片不好，煙葉化學成分比例失調(diào)，品質(zhì)下降�？緹熒喜繜熑~采收方式也是近年來一個研究熱點。研究認為，與常規(guī)分次采收相比，上部葉一次性采收有利于提高烤后煙葉外觀質(zhì)量和經(jīng)濟性狀[4-5]，降低頂部煙葉厚度和煙堿含量[6-7]，改善煙葉香味品質(zhì)[8]。烤煙產(chǎn)質(zhì)量除受栽培措施與烘烤技術的影響外，還受到品種和生態(tài)條件的影響。因此，各煙區(qū)應因地制宜開展研究。
　　烤煙是嘉禾縣重要的經(jīng)濟作物之一，烤煙種植對該縣經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和農(nóng)民增收起到了積極作用，也給煙草工業(yè)公司提供了大量的原料。但是長期以來，該縣煙農(nóng)種煙基本依靠經(jīng)驗，缺乏系統(tǒng)的技術指導；同時，烤煙品種更換也給煙農(nóng)造成一定的困擾，對中煙公司的原料采購也有一定影響。為了獲得質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定的煙葉原料，2015年，貴州中煙公司組織力量在嘉禾縣烤煙基地單元開展了新引品種云煙99的栽培技術研究，現(xiàn)將烤煙適宜留葉數(shù)與上部葉采收方式試驗結(jié)果報道如下。

相關熱詞搜索：嘉禾 采收 云煙 適宜 方式