移栽期和采收期對豫中烤煙上六片葉發(fā)育期溫度指標(biāo)的影響

　　摘  要：為研究不同移栽期和采收期對豫中煙區(qū)上六片煙葉生育期溫度因子的影響，確定適宜移栽期和采收期，以中煙100為材料，設(shè)置不同移栽期和采收期處理，使氣候因子在烤煙上六片葉生育期重新配置。隨著移栽期的后移，上六片葉生長期、成熟期及全生育期>0 ℃積溫、>10 ℃積溫、氣溫日較差、>20 ℃天數(shù)、最高溫>30 ℃天數(shù)整體均呈逐漸降低趨勢，上六片煙葉生長期的均溫、>20 ℃積溫都以4月25日移栽的處理相對較高;在上六片煙葉成熟期，移栽期于5月5日前對應(yīng)不同采收期的均溫都在25 ℃以上，而5月15日移栽在采收期延遲12 d時(shí)均溫最低，為24.6 ℃。采收期推遲，均溫逐漸降低，氣溫日較差、最高溫>30 ℃天數(shù)變化不明顯，各積溫指標(biāo)表現(xiàn)為升高趨勢，以延遲12 d達(dá)到最高，其中成熟期>20 ℃有效積溫在不同采收期的變化范圍為187.88～313.3 ℃，5月5日前移栽延遲6～12 d，>20 ℃有效積溫均可達(dá)到240 ℃以上，變化范圍為242.48～313.3 ℃。在上六片煙葉生長過程中，均溫、氣溫日較差、最高溫>30 ℃天數(shù)受移栽期的影響大于采收期，積溫、>20 ℃天數(shù)則與采收期關(guān)系密切，在5月5日之前移栽條件下，延遲采收時(shí)均溫下降不明顯，但積溫不斷增加。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：移栽期;采收期;上六片葉;溫度
　　中圖分類號：S572.01          文章編號：1007-5119（2019）01-0049-09      DOI：10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2019.01.007
　　Abstract： In order to study the effects of different transplanting and harvesting time on the temperature factors for the development of the upper six leaves in the central tobacco-growing area of Yuzhong， a field experiment with different transplanting and harvesting dates was designed using the tobacco variety Zhongyan100. The aim of this study is to make the climatic factors such as light， temperature and water reconfigured during the growth period of upper six flue-cured tobacco leaves and to provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the temperature index of the upper six slices formed in Yuzhong and determine the appropriate transplanting and harvesting time. The results showed that： with the shift of transplanting time， during the upper six leaf growth period，  the last six leaf mature period， and the whole growth period， >0 ℃ accumulated temperature， >10 ℃ accumulated temperature， daily temperature range， >20 ℃ days， the highest temperature>30 ℃ days showed a gradual decrease trend. The average temperature of the upper six leaf growing season and the accumulated temperature of >20 ℃ were all relatively higher with the April 25 transplanting treatment. The daily temperature range gradually increased during the last six leaf mature period and the harvest time was postponed. The average temperature gradually decreased. Diurnal temperature difference， the maximum temperature> 30 ℃ days did not change significantly. The other meteorological factors as a whole showed an increasing trend. In the process of the growth of the top six leaves， the average temperature， daily temperature range， and the maximum temperature were effected by the transplanting time greater than the harvesting time， and the accumulated temperature， >20 ℃ days was closely related to the harvesting time.

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：移栽 發(fā)育期 烤煙 溫度 指標(biāo)