干熱河谷煙區(qū)壟高對(duì)土壤水分?煙株生長(zhǎng)及煙葉經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-25 來(lái)源: 感悟愛(ài)情 點(diǎn)擊:
摘要[目的]明確金沙江干熱河谷煙區(qū)適宜的起壟高度。[方法]開(kāi)展不同起壟高度對(duì)比試驗(yàn),測(cè)定土壤水分含量、煙株根系干重、煙株生育期、煙株農(nóng)藝性狀和烤后煙葉經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)。[結(jié)果]平地移栽技術(shù)利于土壤水分保持,促進(jìn)煙株根系健壯生長(zhǎng),煙苗移栽后恢復(fù)性生長(zhǎng)快,能按時(shí)進(jìn)入旺長(zhǎng)期,旺長(zhǎng)時(shí)間長(zhǎng),大田煙株長(zhǎng)勢(shì)良好,打頂后煙葉能正常成熟采烤,烤后煙葉經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)高。[結(jié)論]該研究為干熱河谷煙區(qū)烤煙進(jìn)行科學(xué)移栽提供了參考依據(jù)。
關(guān)鍵詞起壟高度;煙株;生長(zhǎng);經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)S572文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼
A文章編號(hào)0517-6611(2017)23-0022-03
Effects of Different Ridge Height on Soil Moisture, Tobacco Plant Growth and Economic Characters of Fluecured Tobacco in Dryhot Valley Area
DENG Xiaobo, ZHAO Yougen,GUO Qunzhao et al
(Liangshan Tobacco Company of Sichuan Provincial Tobacco Company, Yanyuan, Sichuan 615700)
Abstract[Objective] To clear the suitable ridge height in Jinsha River dryhot valley area.[Method]Comparative experiments of different ridge height were carried out,the water contents of soil, dryweight of root, growth period of tobacco plant, agronomic traits of plant and economic indicators of fluecured tobacco leaves were determined.[Result]The soil could conserved more water with flat transplanting, promoted growth of root, and the tobacco seedlings could recovery growth quickly after planting, entered the period of vigorous growth on time, the plant grew vigorously continued a longer period of time. The plant on field grew best with flat transplanting, the tobacco leaves could ripe and harvest on time after topping, the economic characters of fluecured tobacco leave were highest.[Conclusion]The study provides a reference for fluecured tobacco scientifically transplanting in dryhot valley area.
Key wordsRidge height;Tobacco plant;Growth;Economic characters
自20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái)起壟移栽在烤煙生產(chǎn)上普遍應(yīng)用[1]。適宜的起壟高度利于提高壟體溫度,煙苗移栽后恢復(fù)生長(zhǎng)快,煙株根系發(fā)達(dá),大田煙葉長(zhǎng)勢(shì)良好,病蟲(chóng)害發(fā)生率低,利于提高煙葉產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量[2-6],促進(jìn)煙葉化學(xué)成分協(xié)調(diào)[7],增加香氣物質(zhì)含量[8]。但起壟高度過(guò)高,壟體內(nèi)土壤含水量下降,煙苗移栽后在大田前期生長(zhǎng)速度慢,煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量反而降低[4-5]。對(duì)涼山低緯度高海拔的金沙江干熱河谷山地?zé)焻^(qū)來(lái)說(shuō),采用高起壟移栽后,由于干旱天氣持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng),壟體內(nèi)土壤溫度高,土壤水分蒸發(fā)散失快,煙株根際土壤嚴(yán)重干旱缺水,煙苗移栽后生長(zhǎng)緩慢,且雨季來(lái)臨后水肥流失嚴(yán)重,導(dǎo)致大田煙株長(zhǎng)勢(shì)差,烤后煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量低。為此,進(jìn)行不同起壟高度試驗(yàn),旨在為干熱河谷煙區(qū)進(jìn)行科學(xué)移栽提供參考依據(jù)。
1材料與方法
1.1試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)
試驗(yàn)于2016年在四川省涼山州鹽源縣甘塘鄉(xiāng)白條河村1組進(jìn)行,試驗(yàn)地海拔1 580 m,年均降雨量900 mm,年均蒸發(fā)量2 400 mm,5—9月降雨量611 mm,5—9月月平均氣溫20.7 ℃。植煙土壤質(zhì)地為砂壤。
1.2供試品種供試烤煙品種為云煙85,采用漂浮育苗移栽。
1.3試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)以土壤翻耕后平地移栽為CK,起壟10 cm移栽為T(mén)1,起壟20 cm移栽為T(mén)2,起壟30 cm移栽為T(mén)3,共4個(gè)處理,3次重復(fù)。
1.4生產(chǎn)管理各處理均在移栽前3 d深翻30 cm,T1、T2、T3處理深翻后分別按10、20、30 cm高度進(jìn)行起壟。各處理在5月10日移栽,移栽時(shí)露出4葉1心,覆膜。在T2處理(常規(guī)起壟)煙株團(tuán)棵時(shí)各處理統(tǒng)一揭膜培土,培土高度均為35 cm。大田期間遇干旱,以T2處理煙株生長(zhǎng)情況為管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)統(tǒng)一定量澆水,澆水時(shí)間選在土壤取樣前3 d和取樣后3 d。各處理其他生產(chǎn)管理措施均按涼山州烤煙生產(chǎn)技術(shù)管理方案執(zhí)行。
1.5測(cè)定項(xiàng)目移栽后10 d開(kāi)始測(cè)定土壤含水量,每10 d測(cè)定1次。在距離煙莖基部8 cm處均勻選擇3個(gè)取樣點(diǎn),取樣深度為表層土壤下10~30 cm,取樣后立即裝于鋁質(zhì)盒,采用烘干法測(cè)定水分[9]。移栽后20 d開(kāi)始對(duì)煙株根系取樣,每10 d測(cè)定1次。每處理隨機(jī)選擇10株,取樣前先灌水濕潤(rùn)根系周?chē)寥,高壓沖洗干凈后,自然晾干,取不定根、側(cè)根及主根,105 ℃殺青,在烘箱中80 ℃烘干至恒重稱重。記錄煙苗移栽后團(tuán)棵期(大田移栽后到煙株達(dá)到團(tuán)棵標(biāo)準(zhǔn))、旺長(zhǎng)期(團(tuán)棵后到煙株出現(xiàn)花蕾)、打頂期(煙株現(xiàn)蕾后到中心花開(kāi)放)、成熟期(中心花開(kāi)放到上部葉采收結(jié)束)時(shí)間。在打頂后7 d測(cè)定煙株農(nóng)藝性狀指標(biāo)。
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