不同樹(shù)齡茶樹(shù)套種滇龍膽對(duì)藥材礦質(zhì)元素含量的影響

　　摘要：采用電感耦合等離子體原子發(fā)射光譜法（ICP-AES）測(cè)定滇龍膽（Gentiana rigescens Franch.ex Hemsl.）與不同樹(shù)齡（3年、4年、5年、9年、12年和15年）茶樹(shù)（Camellia sinensis）套種后其根、莖、葉3個(gè)部位及生長(zhǎng)土壤中7種礦質(zhì)元素（B、Ca、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni和Zn）的含量。結(jié)果顯示，滇龍膽中礦質(zhì)元素平均含量高低順序?yàn)镃a（5 238±2 111）μg/g、Fe（622±238）μg/g、Mn（379±301） μg/g、Cu（75±9.1） μg/g、Zn（46±13） μg/g、B（17±4.9） μg/g、Ni（5.6±3.1） μg/g，與土壤礦質(zhì)元素含量變化趨勢(shì)基本一致。根部的B、Ca、Fe、Mn、Ni元素在樹(shù)齡15年茶樹(shù)-滇龍膽套種后含量最高，分別為18、3 797、1 050、254、11 μg/g，Cu、Zn元素在樹(shù)齡12年的茶樹(shù)-滇龍膽套種中含量最高，分別為244、38 μg/g。相同營(yíng)養(yǎng)器官不同樹(shù)齡的茶樹(shù)-滇龍膽套種后礦質(zhì)元素含量具有差異，以根部的Cu、Mn元素含量差異顯著，變化范圍分別為19～244 μg/g和79～254 μg/g，分別相差12.8倍和3.2倍；樹(shù)齡15年、9年的茶樹(shù)-滇龍膽套種后莖部的Cu含量分別為177、11 μg/g，相差16.1倍；樹(shù)齡3年、5年的茶樹(shù)-滇龍膽套種后葉部的Cu含量分別為325、11 μg/g，相差29.5倍。不同樹(shù)齡的茶樹(shù)-滇龍膽套種后根部與土壤礦質(zhì)元素的相關(guān)性以及生物富集系數(shù)不同，樹(shù)齡15年的茶樹(shù)-滇龍膽套種后根部對(duì)Ca、Cu、Mn、Ni、Zn元素的富集能力較強(qiáng)，生物富集系數(shù)分別達(dá)21.0、3.3、2.2、1.8和4.7。說(shuō)明茶樹(shù)復(fù)合種植可改變土壤礦質(zhì)元素的分布，自身生物學(xué)特性與復(fù)合種植的生態(tài)環(huán)境共同影響了滇龍膽對(duì)礦質(zhì)元素吸收與運(yùn)輸?shù)哪芰Α?br>　　關(guān)鍵詞：滇龍膽（Gentiana rigescens Franch.ex Hemsl.）；茶樹(shù)（Camellia sinensis）；復(fù)合種植；土壤；礦質(zhì)元素
　　中圖分類號(hào)：S662.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：0439-8114（2015）22-5641-06
　　Abstract： Gentiana rigescens Franch.ex Hemsl. is an important plant resource in China， analyzing the effects of compound planting on the mineral elements content in G. rigescens and Camellia sinensis of different growing years has significantly ecological and economic benefits for the sustainable development of agriculture in medicinal plants in China and provide basic data for quality control cultivation technology research of G. rigescens. 7 mineral elements （B， Ca， Cu， Fe， Mn， Ni and Zn） content in G. rigescens （root， steam and leaf） intercropped with C. sinensis of different growth years （3-year， 4-year， 5-year， 9-year， 12-year and 15-year） and the corresponding underlying soil were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry（ICP-AES）. Results the sequence of average element content in G. rigescens is Ca （5 238±2 111） μg/g， Fe（622±238） μg/g， Mn（379±301） μg/g， Cu（75±9.1） μg/g，Zn （46±13） μg/g， B （17±4.9） μg/g， Ni （5.6±3.1） μg/g， which is consistent with the change tendency of mineral elements content in the soil. In the root， the sample intercropping with C. sinensis of 15-year had the highest content of B， Ca， Fe， Mn and Ni， which was 18 μg/g， 3 797 μg/g， 1 050 μg/g， 254 μg/g and 11 μg/g， respectively. The sample intercropping with C. sinensis of 12-year had the highest content of Cu and Zn， which was 244 μg/g and 38 μg/g， respectively. Mineral elements content in the same organ in G. rigescens intercropping with C. sinensis of different growth years were significantly different， especially the content of Cu and Mn in root， and the variation range were 19 to 244 μg/g and 79 to 254 μg/g， respectively， with a difference of 12.8 times and 3.2 times respectively. The content of Cu in the steam of G. rigescens intercropping with C. sinensis of 15-year and 9-year were 177 μg/g and 11 μg/g， respectively， with a difference of 16.1 times. The content of Cu in the leaf of G. rigescens intercropping with C. sinensis of 3-year and 5-year were 325 μg/g and 11 μg/g， respectively， with a difference of 29.5 times. The relationship and the bioconcentration factors of mineral elements were different in the sample intercropping with C. sinensis of different growth years， the bioconcentration factors of Ca， Cu， Mn， Ni and Zn were higher in the root of the sample intercropping with C. sinensis of 15-year，as the bioconcentration factors is 21.0，3.3，2.2，1.8 and 4.7， respectively. G. rigescens intercropping with C. sinensis can change the soil mineral elements distribution，and the biological characteristics of G. rigescens and the ecological environment can affect the absorption of mineral elements and transport capacity.

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：套種 樹(shù)齡 龍膽 茶樹(shù) 藥材