不同頻率全身振動(dòng)訓(xùn)練對(duì)老年女性平衡能力、下肢肌力和位置覺的影響

　　摘 要：探討相同振幅（3 mm）、不同頻率的全身振動(dòng)訓(xùn)練（WBVT）對(duì)老年女性身體姿勢(shì)控制能力的影響。63例60～70歲健康老年女性，隨機(jī)分成年齡、身高和體重相匹配的低頻組（n=15，10～15 Hz）、中頻組（n=16，25～30 Hz）、高頻組（n=15，40～45 Hz）和對(duì)照組（n=17）。采用美國(guó)產(chǎn)Power-Plate振動(dòng)平臺(tái)對(duì)振動(dòng)組進(jìn)行為期24周的WBVT，并測(cè)試0周和24周所有受試者的平衡能力、下肢肌力和下肢的本體感覺。結(jié)果顯示：（1）平衡能力：低頻WBVT顯著提高了老年受試者的本體代償能力，中頻和高頻顯著提高了受試者本體代償能力、前庭整合能力和左、右方向的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡能力，且高頻改善效果優(yōu)于低頻和中頻；（2）下肢肌力：低頻WBVT顯著提高了老年受試者膝關(guān)節(jié)伸肌絕對(duì)力，中頻和高頻顯著提高了膝和踝關(guān)節(jié)伸肌絕對(duì)力和爆發(fā)力。高頻提升膝關(guān)節(jié)伸肌絕對(duì)力優(yōu)于低頻和中頻，對(duì)膝關(guān)節(jié)伸肌爆發(fā)力、踝關(guān)節(jié)伸肌絕對(duì)力和爆發(fā)力提升效果優(yōu)于低頻。中頻提升膝和踝關(guān)節(jié)伸肌爆發(fā)力效果優(yōu)于低頻；（3）下肢運(yùn)動(dòng)覺：低頻WBVT顯著提升了老年受試者膝關(guān)節(jié)30°和60°位置覺，中頻和高頻顯著提升了膝關(guān)節(jié)30°、60°和踝關(guān)節(jié)45°位置覺。且高頻提升膝關(guān)節(jié)30°和60°位置覺效果優(yōu)于低頻和中頻。
　　關(guān) 鍵 詞：運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)；全身振動(dòng)訓(xùn)練；身體姿勢(shì)控制；平衡能力；肌力；位置覺；老年女性
　　中圖分類號(hào)：G804.6 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1006-7116（2018）02-0128-07
　　Effects of whole body vibration training at different frequencies on the balance， lower limb muscle strength and position sense of elderly women
　　LI Jing-ya1，CHENG Liang2
　�。�1.School of Physical Education，Sichuan Normal University，Chengdu 610066，China；
　　2.Rehabilitation Center，Sichuan Sports Skills Institute，Chengdu 610041，China）
　　Abstract： In order to probe into the effects of whole-body vibration training （WBVT） at the same amplitude （3mm） but at different frequencies on the body posture control ability of elderly women， the authors divided 63 healthy elderly women aged 60-70 randomly into a low frequency group （n=15， 10-15 Hz）， a mid frequency group （n=16， 25-30 Hz） ， a high frequency group （n=15， 40-45 Hz）， and a control group （n=17）， in which the age， height and weight match The authors let the vibration groups carry out 24-week WBVT on the Power-Plate vibration platform made in USA， and tested the balance， lower limb muscle strength and lower limb proprioception of all the testees on week 0 and week 24， and revealed the following findings： 1） balance： low frequency WBVT significantly improved the ontic compensation ability of the elderly testees， mid frequency and high frequency WBVT significantly improved the ontic compensation ability， vestibular integration ability as well as left and right dynamic balance of the testees， and high frequency WBVT’s improvement effect was better than low frequency and mid frequency WBVT’s； 2） lower limb muscle strength： low frequency WBVT significantly improved the absolute power of knee joint extensor of the elderly testees， mid frequency and high frequency WBVT significantly improved the absolute power and explosive power of knee and ankle joint extensors； high frequency WBVT’s effect of improving the absolute power of knee joint extensor was better than low frequency and mid frequency WBVT’s， its effect of improving the explosive power of knee joint extensor， and the absolute power and explosive power of ankle joint extensor， was better than low frequency WBVT’s； mid frequency WBVT ‘s effect of improving the explosive power of knee and ankle joint extensors was better than low frequency WBVT ‘s； 3） lower limb movement sense： low frequency WBVT significantly improved the 30° and 60° position sense of knee joint of the elder testees， mid frequency and high frequency WBVT significantly improved the 30° and 60° position sense of knee joint and the 45° position sense of ankle joint， and high frequency WBVT’s effect of improving the 30° and 60° position sense of knee joint was better than low frequency and mid frequency WBVT’s.

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：下肢 振動(dòng) 頻率 老年 全身