白肋煙煙堿轉(zhuǎn)化率與TSNA含量及煙葉評(píng)吸質(zhì)量的關(guān)系

　　摘 要：為進(jìn)一步明確白肋煙煙堿轉(zhuǎn)化對(duì)煙草特有亞硝胺（TSNA）及煙葉感官評(píng)吸質(zhì)量的影響，以不同煙堿轉(zhuǎn)化率類型的白肋煙品系為材料，進(jìn)行了生物堿、TSNA含量檢測和原煙感官質(zhì)量評(píng)吸。結(jié)果表明：低轉(zhuǎn)化（LC）品系生物堿以煙堿為主，高轉(zhuǎn)化（HC）品系則以降煙堿為主，LC品系比HC品系煙堿含量高107.78%，降煙堿含量則減少93.74%，煙堿轉(zhuǎn)化率下降93.28%。HC品系以亞硝基降煙堿（NNN）含量為主，LC品系以亞硝基新煙草堿（NAT）為主，LC品系的NNN和TNSA總量分別比HC品系下降86.43%和66.61%，但NAT和4-（甲基亞硝胺）-1-（3-毗啶）-1-丙酮（NNK）、亞硝基假木賊堿（NAB）含量及其占TSNA總量的比例高于HC。LC品系的原煙感官評(píng)吸質(zhì)量在香型風(fēng)格、雜氣等方面均優(yōu)于HC品系，HC品系怪味突出。TSNA總量、NNN與降煙堿及煙堿轉(zhuǎn)化率呈正向直線相關(guān)，與煙堿存在負(fù)向?qū)��?shù)相關(guān)；NNK與煙堿的存在正向相關(guān)、與降煙堿及煙堿轉(zhuǎn)化率存在負(fù)向?qū)��?shù)相關(guān)；與降煙堿的相關(guān)系數(shù)均大于轉(zhuǎn)化率和煙堿。為此認(rèn)為，積極選育和推廣種植煙堿轉(zhuǎn)化率低的LC品系，是降低白肋煙TSNA含量和提高煙葉品質(zhì)的有效措施，同時(shí)兼顧對(duì)NNK、NAB及NAT的選擇與控制亦很有必要。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：白肋煙；生物堿；煙堿轉(zhuǎn)化；亞硝胺；感官質(zhì)量
　　中圖分類號(hào)：TS424 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1006-060X（2016）06-0077-05
　　Abstract：To study the effect of nicotine conversion rate on TSNA Content and Smoking Quality of burley tobacco， taking different types of nicotine conversion strain of burley tobacco as materials， the alkaloid and TSNA content were detected， and sensory quality of raw tobacco smoking were tested. The results showed that LC strains mainly nicotine alkaloids， HC strain was mainly nornicotine， nicotine content than HC strain LC lines high 107.78%， content of nornicotine decreased 93.74% ， nicotine conversion rate decreased 93.28%. HC strains with NNN-based， LC strains of NAT-based， LC strains NNN and total TNSA than HC strains respectively decreased 86.43% and 66.61%， but NAT， NNK， NAB content and the proportion of TSNA was higher than HC. LC strains of raw tobacco smoking sensory quality in terms of flavor style， impurity gases and other miscellaneous lines were better than HC， HC strains highlight the smell. The total amount of TSNA， NNN associated with nornicotine and nicotine conversion rate was straight forward， the negative logarithm associated with the presence of nicotine； NNK positively correlated with nicotine， and had a negative logarithmic correlation with nornicotine and nicotine conversion； the correlation coefficient were greater than the conversion rate and nicotine. Therefore， it is effective to reduce the content of TSNA of burley tobacco and improve the quality of tobacco leaves by selecting and planting low nicotine conversion rates of LC strains ， and it is necessary to choice and control contents of NNK， NAB and NAT .
　　Key words： burley tobacco； alkaloid； nicotine to nornicotine conversion； TSNA； sensory quality
　　煙草特有亞硝胺（TSNA）是影響人體健康的主要有害物質(zhì)之一。在目前已鑒定出的8種TSNA中，以亞硝基降煙堿（NNN）、亞硝基新煙草堿（NAT）、亞硝基假木賊堿（NAB）和4-（甲基亞硝胺）-1-（3-毗啶）-1-丙酮（NNK）含量最高。其中，NNN和NNK對(duì)人體具有明顯的致癌活性[1-3]。生物堿和亞硝胺是TSNA生物合成的直接前體物，煙堿、降煙堿、新煙堿和假木賊堿在硝酸還原酶的作用下分別與亞硝酸發(fā)生反應(yīng)生成NNK、NNN、NAT和NAB。降煙堿主要由煙堿脫去甲基而形成，通常以降煙堿與生物堿的比例來判斷煙堿去甲基能力的強(qiáng)弱，即煙堿轉(zhuǎn)化率。普通煙草（N. tabacum）受雙隱性基因型（ctctcscs）控制而不具有煙堿去甲基能力，但在長期種植中，少數(shù)植株發(fā)生基因突變，提高了煙堿轉(zhuǎn)化能力，導(dǎo)致煙株群體煙堿含量顯著降低，降煙堿含量大幅增加，以白肋煙等晾曬煙較為突出。因此，人們通常把減少煙堿向降煙堿的轉(zhuǎn)化以及降低降煙堿含量作為控制和減少TSNA的有效措施[2-3]。

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