不同干燥方法對薄荷藥材中多元功效成分的影響與評價

　　[摘要] 采用GC-MS和UPLC-TQ-MS技術(shù)分析評價不同干燥方法對薄荷藥材中2種單萜類、4種酚酸類、5種黃酮類化學(xué)成分的組成及含量變化，考察干燥方法對其化學(xué)成分的影響；利用TOPSIS綜合分析法進(jìn)行綜合評價，為薄荷藥材適宜干燥方法的確定提供依據(jù)。結(jié)果顯示，干燥方法對薄荷醇、咖啡酸、迷迭香酸含量影響最大，其次為綠原酸、香葉木素-7-O-葡萄糖苷；同溫度下，熱風(fēng)干燥對活性成分的保留作用優(yōu)于微波干燥與紅外干燥；低溫（40～45 ℃）干燥對活性成分總量的保留顯著高于高溫（60～70 ℃）干燥；微波殺青處理樣品酚酸類化學(xué)成分總量顯著高于未殺青樣品，表現(xiàn)出一定的殺酶作用；TOPSIS評價結(jié)果顯示，薄荷藥材產(chǎn)地加工最適干燥方法為熱風(fēng)變溫45～60 ℃干燥。該研究為薄荷藥材產(chǎn)地適宜干燥加工方法的確定提供了依據(jù)，也為富含揮發(fā)油藥材的產(chǎn)地加工共性技術(shù)形成提供了有益的探索和借鑒。
　　[關(guān)鍵詞] 薄荷；干燥方法；GC-MS；UPLC-TQ-MS；TOPSIS綜合評價
　　[Abstract] To provide a scientific basis for the selection of the appropriate drying method for Mentha Haplocalyx Herba （MHH）， determine 2 monoterpenes， 4 phenolic acids and 5 flavonoids in MHH by GC-MS and UPLC-TQ-MS methods， and investigate the effects of the drying methods on the changes in contents of these analytes. The qualities of products obtained with different drying methods were evaluated by the multivariate statistical method of Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution（TOPSIS）. Results showed that the drying methods had the greatest impact on menthol， caffeic acid， and rosemary acid， which were followed by chlorogenic acid and diosmetin-7-O-glucoside. The contents in these analytes processed with hot-air-drying method were higher than those with microwave-drying and infrared-drying methods at the same temperatures. The contents in these analytes processed under low temperature （40-45 ℃） were higher than those under higher temperature （60-70 ℃）. Above all， the contents in phenolic acids processed with microwave fixation （exposed under microwave at 100 ℃ for several minutes） were obviously higher than those of not being processed， showing an inhibition of some enzymes in samples after fixation. The TOPSIS evaluation showed that the variable temperature drying method of ′Hot-Air 45-60 ℃′ was the most suitable approach for the primary drying processing of MHH. The results could provide the scientific basis for the selection of appropriate drying method for MHH， and helpful reference for the primary drying process of herbs containing volatile chemical components.
　　[Key words] Mentha haplocalyx； drying method； GC-MS； UPLC-TQ-MS； TOPSIS evaluation
　　doi：10.4268/cjcmm20152424
　　唇形科植物薄荷Mentha haplocalyx Briq.以干燥地上部分入藥，味辛，性涼，歸肺、肝經(jīng)，具有疏風(fēng)散熱，清利頭目，利咽透疹，疏肝行氣的功效�，F(xiàn)代研究顯示，薄荷植物中富含以單萜類化學(xué)成分為主要組成的揮發(fā)油，以及黃酮類、酚酸類等化學(xué)成分^[1-6]，多具有顯著的生物活性，為其傳統(tǒng)功效發(fā)揮的主要物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)^[7-10]。
　　薄荷藥材產(chǎn)地傳統(tǒng)加工方法為夏、秋二季莖葉茂盛或花開至三輪時，選晴天，分次采割后陰干或曬干。傳統(tǒng)干燥方法存在干燥周期長、易受天氣條件影響、干燥后藥材質(zhì)量不均一等弊端。近年來，基于現(xiàn)代干燥原理與技術(shù)的干燥方法逐漸應(yīng)用于中藥材產(chǎn)地干燥加工過程，并表現(xiàn)出干燥時間短、干燥條件可控、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定等優(yōu)點^[11]。目前常用的中藥材現(xiàn)代干燥技術(shù)主要有微波干燥、紅外干燥、熱風(fēng)干燥等。微波干燥具有穿透力強(qiáng)、脫水快，干燥同時也可起到殺蟲卵、滅酶的作用，常用于易發(fā)生褐變或霉?fàn)�的花類、莖葉類以及全草類藥材干燥前的殺青處理；紅外干燥內(nèi)外加熱同時進(jìn)行，脫水效率較熱風(fēng)干燥高，適用于含水量大、易霉變，以及貴重中藥材的干燥加工；熱風(fēng)干燥以流動熱風(fēng)加熱藥材并帶走水分，其優(yōu)點是干燥設(shè)備成本低，干燥效率高，不受天氣條件限制，溫度可控，適用于大多數(shù)中藥材的干燥加工^[11]。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：薄荷 藥材 功效 干燥 成分