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type="text/javascript">ok3w_ads("s004");</script></p> <div id="urg1j081" class=ggad><script type="text/javascript">ok3w_ads("s005");</script></div> <p> 　　1948年初的東北戰(zhàn)場，林彪指揮的東北野戰(zhàn)軍已經(jīng)形成了明顯的優(yōu)勢，進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略決戰(zhàn)的條件已經(jīng)成熟。決戰(zhàn)的地點(diǎn)擺在哪里?看著東北地圖，他認(rèn)定了錦州。但是林彪在半年之內(nèi)卻遲遲下不了決心，幾度修改作戰(zhàn)方針。后來有人把這一段爭論稱為兩條路線的斗爭。 <br/>　　事實(shí)真的如此嗎?回到當(dāng)年的歷史場景，可以看到林彪面臨最大的問題是：他的主力部隊(duì)都在北滿，如何繞過國民黨軍控制區(qū)域，把幾十萬大軍運(yùn)送到錦州? <br/>　　林彪看著地圖濃眉緊鎖。東北的動(dòng)脈中長鐵路，長春、沈陽、錦州一線控制在國民黨軍手中。部隊(duì)從北滿向錦州前進(jìn)，不但需要繞行，而且難以保證這么大的行動(dòng)不被敵軍察覺。如果我軍主力云集錦州，而沈陽、長春國民黨軍出動(dòng)，切斷我軍的后路，斷絕后勤供應(yīng)，前方作戰(zhàn)就很困難了。再者，錦州地處東北與華北的交界，攻擊錦州，東北、華北國民黨軍必然出動(dòng)救援，我軍反而會(huì)處于對方的反包圍之中，倘若不能在幾天之內(nèi)攻克錦州，將處于內(nèi)外夾擊，后果不堪設(shè)想。 <br/>　　想來想去，林彪覺得打錦州過于冒險(xiǎn)，還是順勢而先，先打長春。不料長春防守十分堅(jiān)固，短期難以攻占。這樣，林彪才改變了決心。 <br/>　　兵力調(diào)動(dòng)是一個(gè)龐大復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程。從北滿前往錦州參戰(zhàn)的十萬大軍要用火車運(yùn)到阜新。大量的彈藥和棉衣等軍需物資也要及時(shí)運(yùn)送到前線。在羅榮桓政委指揮下，東北軍區(qū)后勤部總抓運(yùn)輸工作，軍工部負(fù)責(zé)調(diào)運(yùn)軍火彈藥，鐵路總局負(fù)責(zé)組織車輛調(diào)度。野戰(zhàn)軍后勤部在阜新車站設(shè)立前線指揮所，負(fù)責(zé)組織落實(shí)作戰(zhàn)物資供應(yīng)，將火車運(yùn)到的物資用卡車、大車運(yùn)往前線。 <br/>　　當(dāng)時(shí)鐵路運(yùn)輸線主要有兩條：一條線是從哈爾濱經(jīng)齊齊哈爾、白城子、鄭家屯、通遼、彰武、新立屯到阜新。另一條線是從哈爾濱經(jīng)吉林、遼源、四平、鄭家屯到阜新。從阜新至錦州的幾百里就要徒步行軍了。 <br/>　　1948年9月10日起，各部隊(duì)開始行動(dòng)。他們晝伏夜行，連續(xù)行軍十二天到十五天�；疖嚾渴且归g行車，白天隱蔽，防止被國民黨偵察飛機(jī)發(fā)現(xiàn)。中途停站時(shí)車上人員一律不許下車，不許自由行動(dòng)。炮兵在阜新下車后，為了及時(shí)趕到義縣，一天行軍一百三十里。 <br/>　　地方政府動(dòng)員的民工隊(duì)趕著大車、扛著擔(dān)架，與部隊(duì)形成一條平行的隊(duì)伍。為了保證運(yùn)輸油料和軍火的安全，運(yùn)輸車隊(duì)拉開距離，一輛油車后邊跟一輛軍需車，再跟一輛彈藥車，照此順序一字排開行進(jìn)，避免在空襲時(shí)引起連續(xù)的爆炸或燃燒。從火車上卸下的物資，又經(jīng)過他們?nèi)死缈高\(yùn)到前線。 <br/>　　遼沈戰(zhàn)役前，后勤部門和各地政府共籌劃和運(yùn)輸糧食七千萬斤、油料一萬一千多噸、子彈一千萬發(fā)、手榴彈十五萬枚、炮彈二十萬發(fā)、炸藥五萬斤、棉衣、棉帽、棉鞋等冬裝近百萬套，有力地保證了戰(zhàn)役的順利進(jìn)行。 <br/>　　從9月下旬起，國民黨空軍發(fā)現(xiàn)遼西鐵路夜間運(yùn)輸繁忙，白天也有大量人員運(yùn)動(dòng)現(xiàn)象。但是并未引起國民黨統(tǒng)帥部的警覺。衛(wèi)立煌對長春的前途極為憂愁，對錦州卻很放心。 <br/>　　錦州守軍司令范漢杰也這樣想。早在6月間，蔣介石就給他發(fā)電報(bào)，說共軍即將進(jìn)攻錦州，要他早作準(zhǔn)備。范漢杰認(rèn)為蔣是神經(jīng)過敏，錦州有關(guān)內(nèi)和海上的增援，沈陽還有三十萬大軍可以西進(jìn)，共軍缺乏坦克，炮火也不甚強(qiáng)大。如果共軍遠(yuǎn)來遼西，交通補(bǔ)給不易，屯兵于堅(jiān)城之下，必定陷入困境。他料定林彪不敢走這步險(xiǎn)棋。錦州國民黨軍上上下下都沉溺于和平氣氛之中，誰也沒想到遼沈戰(zhàn)役的重拳會(huì)首先砸在他們的頭上。 <br/>　　打錦州是一著妙棋，但也是一著險(xiǎn)棋。后來的戰(zhàn)役進(jìn)展之順利，是戰(zhàn)前無法想象的。統(tǒng)帥部制訂了正確的戰(zhàn)略方針，負(fù)責(zé)實(shí)施的戰(zhàn)區(qū)指揮員在落實(shí)具體細(xì)節(jié)的時(shí)候，都要經(jīng)過一個(gè)復(fù)雜痛苦的思考過程。兵力如何部署，預(yù)備隊(duì)擺在哪里，火力如何分配，有多少困難需要預(yù)計(jì)，要準(zhǔn)備幾套解決方案，還要準(zhǔn)備多少應(yīng)急方案預(yù)防突發(fā)情況，期間的甘苦只有親身經(jīng)歷才能體會(huì)得到。 <br/>　　 <br/>　　(摘自《辛斤民周刊》2010年第51期) </p><p style="margin-bottom:10px"><strong>相關(guān)熱詞搜索：</strong><a href="http://www.zuancaijixie.com/tag/%BD%F5%D6%DD.html" target="_blank">錦州</a> <a href="http://www.zuancaijixie.com/tag/%B4%F2%BD%F5%D6%DD%B5%C4%C3%EE%D3%EB%CF%D5.html" 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