美國歷史英文
發(fā)布時間:2017-01-21 來源: 歷史回眸 點(diǎn)擊： 
美國歷史英文篇一：美國歷史英文American History
Introduction:
The United States is a country of the western hemisphere, comprising fifty states and several territories.It is a “super” country in the world and has more than 200 years history, a quite short history than other ancient countries. Within the paper, we are going to talk about the history of America in ten parts. It is the Pre-colonial Era, the Colonial Era, the war for independence, Westward Expansion, the Industrial Revolution, the Civil War, Industrial Expansion, the World War I and II, and the modern times.
Body:
Pre-colonial Era: In 1492, Columbus landed at one of the Caribbean islands and he called the local people Indians.More than 20,000 years ago, a group of so called Indians wandered into North America from Asia.Amerigo Vespucci first confirmed the fact that a new continent had been discovered.The New World was named America to honor Amerigo Vespucci.
The Colonial Era:In 1607, three ships crossed the Atlantic Ocean and landed by the side of a river--the James River. Then the first English colony was founded at Jamestown, Virginia.
In 1620, a tiny ship called the “May flower” sailed from England for the New world, with 102 passengers. 50% were Pilgrims. Landed in what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts.During the first 150 years, the British colonies in North America became a “melting pot”.By the early 1760s, English settlers had established 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast.
The War for Independence:there are several reasons that lead to the war.Economy: The economy in the 13 colonies developed very fast. However, the British government was to make every effort to press the development. Politics: The British government passed many laws, such as the Quartering Act and the Stamp Act, to impose new taxes from the colonies on sugar coffee and textiles. On the contrary, the colonies kept the belief “No taxation without representation”. Culture: In the long term of communication, they formed the common culture. The national consciousness of thecolonies woke up. In1775, the Continental Congress established a Continental Army under the command of George Washington.On July 4th,1776, the Congress adopted the declaration of independence. That date is now celebrated annually as America’s Independence Day.In 1787, a constitutional convention was organized.The United States Constitution was ratified in1788.
Westward Expansion:Beginning in nineteenth Century, thousands of people, over the Appalachian Mountains, move to the west. Some pioneer emigrated to the United States border, even deepened in Mexico territory as well as Alaska，California and Oregon. By 1796, a few more states have been created.In 1803, America buys Louisiana from France.
The Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution began in Britain during the 18th century. This movement rapidly spread to America, and by the first half of the 19th century, American inventors were designing a variety of practical machines.
The period also witnessed a rapid development in transportation. Such as the National Road, the Oregon, etc. Meanwhile, Americans built many canals. Such as the Erie
Canal, this important canal made it possible for boats to carry goods to the West.
The Civil War: In the early 1860, 11 Southern states seceded from the union. The other group of government, the North, said that they would pay any price to unity. In 1861, the Fort Sumter made the civil war break out. Americans were face to face with each other in this bloody war. The South has been severely damaged,and left deep scars. The four years of bloody fighting between the North and South had staggering effects on the nation. About 360,000 Union troops and perhaps 260,000Confederate troops died; no other war in American history has taken so many American lives. It caused enormous property damage, especially in the South where many Southern cities, towns plantations, factories and railroads lay in ruins.
Industrial Expansion:America’s industrial expansion was the most important post-war development. Prior to the Civil War, typical American industry was small. Hand labor was widespread, which limited the production capacity of industry. During the postwar period, American industry changed dramatically. Hand labor was replaced by machines, and the productive capacity of industry increased tremendously. Many interrelated developments contributed to the industrial growth of the United States.
The USA in World War I: US claimed its neutrality.they stayed out of the war unless their rights and interests were violated.German acts of aggression brought the USA closer to joining the Allies, and the US declared war on Germany on April, 1917. The American Expeditionary force of nearly 2,000,000 soldiers played an important part in the war. The German Army retreated to its homeland, and the war ended in
November 1918.
The World WarⅡ:At first, the US kept the attitude of isolation and neutrality.After the Pearl Harbor, the America entered into the war. Once the war was declared, it quickly mobilized its manpower and industries. It controlled prices and allocated war supplies to the nation's armed forces and allies.Dropped the deadly atomic bomb on two Japanese cities, the US won and World War Ⅱ ended.
Modern Times: there are three famous presidents:Bill Clinton(1992-2000),George W. Bush(2001-2009), Barack Hussein Obama(2009-now)
Conclusion:
Since the founding of more than 200 years, the United States have experienced crucibles, but still stick to liberal democracy political system and become a typical country of constitutional democracy and civil liberties. America's huge economic, culture, science and technology, and military influence throughout the whole of the 20th century. In the first World War and the second World War, the United States and its Allies won together. After decades of the Cold War, Americafinally brought down the Soviet Union and then become the only superpower in the world. We believe that it will continue to play a leading role in the world's economy, politics, technology and popular culture.That’sa conclusion of what we just talked about.Thank you!
Reference:
“The Society and Culture of Britain and America” (Chapter 1-Origin and History)
美國歷史英文篇二：美國歷史上的幾位名人的英文簡介
本杰明·富蘭克林（
Benjamin Franklin, 1706-1790)
Franklin is the Founding Father who is seen as the master of home-spun(樸素的) practical wisdom. Of humble origins, Franklin began as a printer and writer (the author of Poor Richard's Almanack), then became an inventor and scientist, and concluded his long career as the consummate(完美的) diplomat. He played a key behind-the-scenes role at the conventions that led to the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.
富蘭克林是美國開國元勛，被譽(yù)為樸素、務(wù)實(shí)的智慧大師。他出身貧寒，最初從事印刷和寫作（《窮人理查德年鑒》一書的作者），后成為發(fā)明家和科學(xué)家，最后作為杰出的外交家結(jié)束了漫長的職業(yè)生涯。他從幕后為各種重要會議發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用，最后導(dǎo)致《獨(dú)立宣言》和《美國憲法》的誕生。
George Washington (1732-99)
The first president of the United States and the American commander in chief during the War of Independence from Great Britain, Washington is often called the "Father of His Country." Originally a gentleman farmer from Virginia, Washington showed great leadership qualities as a soldier. Highly popular with the American public, he was eulogized by a member of Congress as "first in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen."
喬治?華盛頓（George Washington, 1732-1799)
華盛頓是美國第一任總統(tǒng)，在擺脫英國統(tǒng)治的獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭（War of Independence）時期擔(dān)任總司令，常被尊稱為“國父”。他原是弗吉尼亞州（Virginia）一位從事農(nóng)業(yè)的鄉(xiāng)紳，后成為一名軍人，表現(xiàn)出非凡的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力。他在美國公眾中享有崇高的聲望，一位國會議員曾贊頌他
是“英勇作戰(zhàn)第一人，爭取和平第一人、國人心中第一人”。
Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)
Jefferson was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. "We hold these truths to be self-evident," he wrote, "that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness." Jefferson, who was later elected the third president of the United States, also wrote the state of Virginia's law establishing religious freedom and founded the University of Virginia. 托馬斯?杰佛遜（Thomas Jefferson, 1743-1826)
杰佛遜是1776年《獨(dú)立宣言》主要起草人。他寫道：“我們認(rèn)為下面這些真理是不言而喻的 : 人人生而平等，造物者賦予他們?nèi)舾刹豢蓜儕Z的權(quán)利，其中包括生命權(quán)、自由權(quán)和追求幸福的權(quán)利�！苯芊疬d后來當(dāng)選美國第三任總統(tǒng)。他還起草了弗吉尼亞州保障宗教自由的法律，并創(chuàng)辦了弗吉尼亞大學(xué)（University of Virginia）。
Sacagawea (ca. 1786-1812)
A young woman of the Lemhi Indians in present-day Idaho, Sacagawea helped the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1804-06 explore vast newly acquired lands in the American West. Sacagawea, who spoke several Indian dialects, served as a guide and interpreter to various Native American tribes during this peaceful expedition. When the expedition encountered the Lemhi band, she arranged for the Lemhi to provide the horses, provisions, and shelter that made the journey to the
Pacific Ocean possible. One of Sacagawea's descendants, Willow Jack, is pictured in authentic costume.
莎卡嘉薇亞(Sacagawea, 1786-1812)
莎卡嘉薇亞是印第安人萊姆哈伊(Lemhi)部族的成員，該地現(xiàn)屬愛達(dá)荷州（Idaho）。她在1804年至1806年間幫助劉易斯(Lewis)和克拉克(Clark)遠(yuǎn)征隊(duì)在美國剛獲得的西部廣袤土地上探險(xiǎn)。莎卡嘉薇亞通曉好幾種印第安人的方言，為這項(xiàng)和平探險(xiǎn)任務(wù)擔(dān)任向?qū)Р⒊洚?dāng)譯員，與各種各樣的印第安人部族進(jìn)行溝通。在探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)遇到萊姆哈伊部族時，該部族經(jīng)過她的安排為他們前往太平洋沿岸的旅途提供了必需的馬匹、糧草和住所。圖中身穿正統(tǒng)印第安人服裝的威洛?杰克（Willow Jack）是莎卡嘉薇亞的后裔。
Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)
President during the American Civil War, 1861-65, Lincoln is revered for having kept the Union together and freeing the slaves. A legislator from Illinois, Lincoln won the Republican nomination for president and was elected on an anti-slavery platform in 1860. As a result, 11 southern states seceded and war began. In the Gettysburg Address, he stated his resolve “that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”
亞伯拉罕?林肯（Abraham Lincoln, 1809-1865)
林肯在1861年至1865年美國南北戰(zhàn)爭時期擔(dān)任美國總統(tǒng)，他因維護(hù)美國統(tǒng)一和解放黑奴而廣受尊崇。林肯原是伊利諾伊州（Illinois）聯(lián)邦議員，后獲共和黨提名為總統(tǒng)候選人，1860年以反對奴隸制的政綱當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)。此后，南方11個州脫離聯(lián)邦，引發(fā)美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。林肯發(fā)表的葛底斯堡演說（Gettysburg Address）表示，決心“使民有、民治、民享的政府與世長存”。
Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906)
Appalled that the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1870) guaranteed the right to vote to newly freed slaves but not to women, Susan B. Anthony led a group of women to the polls in Rochester, New York. She was arrested several times for trying to vote, and later organized the International Woman Suffrage Alliance. She died in 1906, having paved the way for the ratification of the 19th Amendment, which granted American women the right to vote in 1920. 蘇珊?安東尼（Susan B. Anthony, 1820-1906)
蘇珊?安東尼對1870年美國憲法第15條修正案表示極為不滿，因?yàn)樵撔拚钢槐Ｕ闲芦@得解放的奴隸有選舉權(quán)，但不給婦女同樣的權(quán)利。她帶領(lǐng)一群婦女去紐約州羅切斯特（Rochester, New York）投票站表達(dá)抗議。她因試圖投票參加
Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
The foremost physicist of the 20th century, Albert Einstein developed the theory of relativity, which overturned previous ideas on the nature of the physical universe. Born in 1879 in Germany, he developed his important ideas as a young man. In 1933, Einstein took a position with the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton, New Jersey, and became an American citizen in 1940." His ideas would prove instrumental in developing the atomic bomb during World War II. 阿爾伯特?愛因斯坦（Albert Einstein, 1879-1955)
愛因斯坦是20世紀(jì)久負(fù)盛名的物理學(xué)家。他創(chuàng)立了相對論（theory of relativity），推翻了關(guān)于宇宙本質(zhì)的舊觀念。他1879年生于德國，很年輕時就提出了許多重要觀點(diǎn)，1933年，他到新澤西州普林斯頓（Princeton, New Jersey）的高等研究院（Institute for Advanced Studies）任職， 1940年成為美國公民。他的學(xué)術(shù)思想對于美國在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)（World War II）期間發(fā)明原子彈發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用。
富蘭克林?戴萊諾?羅斯福（Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1882-1945)
羅斯福以其樂觀的精神和政治智慧幫助美國渡過了南北戰(zhàn)爭（the Civil War）以來最艱難的時期：大蕭條（the Great Depression）和第二次世界大戰(zhàn)（World War II）。他于1933年就任總統(tǒng)，執(zhí)政長達(dá)12年。在此期間，美國經(jīng)濟(jì)得到恢復(fù)，軸心國軍隊(duì)（the Axis forces）被打敗。羅斯福是貧苦民眾心目中的英雄，但眾多工商界人士并不認(rèn)同他在“新政” （New Deal）時期實(shí)施的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會改革。
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945)
Franklin D. Roosevelt's optimism and political savvy helped carry the United States though its greatest domestic crisis since the Civil War: the hard times of the Great Depression and World War II. He assumed the presidency in 1933 and—during his 12 years at the helm—saw his country recover economically and triumph over the Axis forces. FDR was a hero to the poor, but many businessmen did not favor his economic and social reforms, called the New Deal.
約翰?菲茨杰拉德?肯尼迪（
John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 1917-1963)
肯尼迪具有卓越的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能，建立了眾多的業(yè)績，風(fēng)度優(yōu)雅，充滿智慧和魅力，人們經(jīng)常懷著感念的心情回憶他擔(dān)任美國總統(tǒng)的三年時光。在德克薩斯州達(dá)拉斯（Dallas, Texas），刺客的一顆子彈奪走了他的生命，但是他激勵了千百萬人民。1962年，他以堅(jiān)定的意志抗擊來古巴的蘇聯(lián)導(dǎo)彈威脅，以后又與蘇聯(lián)進(jìn)行合作，緩和了核軍備競賽。他還創(chuàng)立了爭取進(jìn)步聯(lián)盟（Alliance for Progress）及和平隊(duì)（Peace Corps）。
John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917-1963)
People everywhere look back nostalgically to JFK's three years as president of the United States because of his leadership, his accomplishments, and his grace, wit, and charisma. He inspired millions before he was killed by an assassin's bullet in Dallas, Texas. Although not afraid to stand
美國歷史英文篇三：美國歷史簡介
美國歷史
（一）殖民地時期前后
殖民地時期以前（Before the Colonial Period）(1607年以前)
1492年，意大利航海家克里斯托夫.哥倫布（Christopher Columbus）發(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸（the New World）；當(dāng)時居住在美洲大陸的印第安人（Indians），被稱為“最早的美國人”（the first American）
殖民時期（ Colonial Period）（1607-1753）
1607年，英國在北美建立第一永久性個殖民地（first English Colony）—詹姆士鎮(zhèn)（Jamestown）；18世紀(jì)中葉，英國在新大陸（the New World）建成13個殖民地（the Thirteen Colonies）
（二）獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭時期
獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭（War of Independence）及美國獨(dú)立
1773.12.16，波士頓傾茶事件（the Boston Tea Party)是美國獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭的導(dǎo)火線 1774年，來自12個州的代表聚集在費(fèi)城（Philadelphia）
1775年4月19日清晨，波士頓人民在萊克星頓（Lexington）上空打響了獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭（the War of Independence）的第一槍，萊克星頓的槍聲拉開了美國獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭的序幕；
1776年7月4日，第二次大陸會議（the Second Continental Congress）通過了托馬斯.杰弗遜（Thomas Jefferson）起草的獨(dú)立宣言（The Declaration of Independence），成立了美利堅(jiān)合眾國（the United States of America）；1776年7月4日，美國獨(dú)立，7月4日被確定為美國的國慶日（National Day） 1783年，美英簽訂《巴黎條約》（Treaty of Pairs），結(jié)束了獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭 制憲會議（The Constitutional Convention）
1787年，制憲會議在費(fèi)城召開，華盛頓被推為總統(tǒng)，會議還制定了憲法（Constitution）草案，1791年增加了憲法的頭十條修改案，即“權(quán)利法案”（The Bill of Rights）
（三）19世紀(jì)的美國
1812年戰(zhàn)爭（War of 1812）（1812-1815）
這是美國獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭后的第一次對外戰(zhàn)爭
西進(jìn)運(yùn)動（WestWord Movement）
門羅主義（Monore Doctrine）
內(nèi)容大致可歸納為三個原則：“反對歐洲國家再在美洲奪取殖民地”原則“不干涉”原則 “美洲體系”原則
（European powers were no longer to colonize or interfer with the affairs of the newly independent nations of the Americas）
美墨戰(zhàn)爭（Mexican-American War）（1846-1848）
南北戰(zhàn)爭（Civil War）（1861.4——1865.4）
1860年共和黨人林肯（Abraham Linkon）當(dāng)選為總統(tǒng)，民主黨（the Democratic Party）慘敗，這成為南方奴隸主脫離聯(lián)邦、發(fā)動叛亂的導(dǎo)火線
（四）20世紀(jì)的美國
20世紀(jì)初期的美國（The United States in the Early 20th Century）
這一時期的美國總統(tǒng)西奧多.羅斯福（Theodore Roosevelt）扮演了重要角色，他通過反托拉斯法（Anti-Trust Law）有力打擊了壟斷集團(tuán)，并制定法律以保護(hù)環(huán)
境、保障勞工利益，使得美國得以迅速發(fā)展
美國與一戰(zhàn)（The United States and World War Ⅰ）
一戰(zhàn)中，美國傷亡巨大，于是在20世紀(jì)年代開始奉行孤立主義（Isolation） 大蕭條與新政（The Great Depression and the New Deal）
大蕭條，指1929-1933年之間的全球性經(jīng)濟(jì)大衰退
羅斯福實(shí)行新政（3R）：復(fù)興（Recover）、救濟(jì)（Relief）、改革（Reform） 美國與二戰(zhàn)（The United States and World War Ⅱ）
冷戰(zhàn)時期（Cold War）
美國民權(quán)運(yùn)動（The Civil Rights Movement）
越南戰(zhàn)爭（Vietnam War）
中美關(guān)系（Sino-American Relations）
水門事件（Watergate Scandal）
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