施肥優(yōu)化對文山烤煙生長及產(chǎn)量質(zhì)量的影響?

　　摘要：
　　針對文山當(dāng)?shù)厥┓蕟栴}已阻礙煙葉質(zhì)量的可持續(xù)發(fā)展以及難以滿足卷煙企業(yè)對原煙品質(zhì)的更高要求，試驗(yàn)在當(dāng)?shù)爻Ｒ?guī)施肥基礎(chǔ)上，探討了施肥優(yōu)化后對煙株生長發(fā)育、煙葉產(chǎn)量及質(zhì)量的影響。結(jié)果表明，從烤煙生長發(fā)育來看，煙株農(nóng)藝性狀以基追比例調(diào)整相對更好，煙葉成熟落黃、生物量積累量、抗性均以養(yǎng)分配比優(yōu)化較好，且處理間差異較��；從煙葉產(chǎn)、質(zhì)量來看，較常規(guī)施肥相比，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益以養(yǎng)分配比優(yōu)化處理最好；化學(xué)成分以養(yǎng)分配比優(yōu)化和基追比例調(diào)整更有利于煙葉品質(zhì)提高，而總糖含量、糖堿比均偏低；評吸結(jié)果以養(yǎng)分配比優(yōu)化的綜合得分和質(zhì)量檔次相對最高，基追比例調(diào)整次之，常規(guī)施肥方式（對照）最低，其中施肥優(yōu)化后3個(gè)處理的總得分較對照分別增加了 1.98、5.62、3.22分，質(zhì)量均較對照提高了 2個(gè)檔次。因此，當(dāng)?shù)噩F(xiàn)有施肥模式尚有調(diào)整優(yōu)化空間，3個(gè)施肥優(yōu)化處理均有明顯的提質(zhì)增產(chǎn)效果，以養(yǎng)分配比優(yōu)化效果更為顯著。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：烤煙；施肥；優(yōu)化；產(chǎn)量；品質(zhì)
　　中圖分類號(hào)：S572.062 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)號(hào)：A 文章編號(hào)：1001-4942（2017）04-0078-06
　　Effects of Optimized Fertilization on Growth， Yield and
　　Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco in Wenshan Area
　　Zhu Yi1， Li Shichen1， Li Dafei1， Xu Long2， Huo Shidong1， Feng Kun2， Wu Panpan1， Zhao Zhengxiong1
　�。�1.Tobacco College， Yunnan Agricultural University， Kunming 650201， China；
　　2.Wenshan Tobacco Company， Wenshan 663000， China）
　　Abstract In view of the problems in fertilization in Wenshan， which hindered the sustainable development of tobacco leaf quality and was difficult to meet the requirements of cigarette enterprises for higher quality of raw tobacco， the effects of optimized fertilization on growth and development of tobacco plant， yield and quality of tobacco leaves were studied in this paper. From the growth and development of tobacco， plant agronomic traits were relatively better by adjusting the proportion of base fertilizer to topdressing one； tobacco mature yellowing， biomass accumulation and resistance were improved by optimizing the nutrient ratio， and fewer differences were found between different treatments. Compared to the conventional fertilization， the economic benefit was the best when the nutrient rate was optimized； the chemical compositions were more conducive to improving the quality of tobacco leaves with lower total sugar content and ratio of sugar to nicotine after optimization of nutrient ratio and ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing one. Smoking assessment results showed that the comprehensive score and quality of flue-cured tobacco were the highest through nutrient ratio adjustment， the second was that through the ratio adjustment of base fertilizer to topdressing one， and that was the lowest under the conventional fertilization. The total score of flue-cured tobacco of the three optimization treatments were 1.98， 5.62 and 3.22 more than that of control respectively， and the quality was improved by two grades compared to the control. In conclusion， the local existing fertilization mode still had optimizing room； all the optimized fertilization treatments in this test showed obvious effects on improving quality and increasing yield especially the optimization of nutrient ratio.

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：文山 烤煙 施肥 產(chǎn)量 生長