戰(zhàn)爭中的世界_二戰(zhàn)全史

　　今年,為紀念索爾費里諾戰(zhàn)役150周年,紅十字國際委員會、北京紅十字會、瑞士駐華使館及大河畫廊共同在京舉辦了“戰(zhàn)爭中的世界”大型圖片展。本刊選登其中部分圖片,以期使讀者透過這些富有視覺沖擊力的“戰(zhàn)爭中的世界”畫面,感受人性的本真,珍惜和平世界的美好。
　　
　　過去30年間,地雷在阿富汗都被不分皂白地使用。數(shù)十萬枚地雷散布在那里,未被標(biāo)明也未被發(fā)現(xiàn)。地雷造成10萬或更多阿富汗人殘疾。
　　Landmines have been used indiscriminately in Afghanistan for the last three decades.Hundreds of thousands lie unmapped and undiscovered. Landmines have left an estimated 100,000 or more Afghan people disabled.
　　
　　詹姆斯?那赫特韋拍攝了一些被阿富汗當(dāng)局拘留的人,就像這幅照片中的男子。紅十字國際委員會駐喀布爾的翻譯薩沙陪同他工作過。薩沙后來說起他的感悟:“我發(fā)現(xiàn)他們中的許多人都不肯放棄自己的人格,在十分艱難的困境中仍完好無損地保持自尊。有時,我不禁會問自己:‘如果處在他們的境況下,我能做得到嗎?’他們是如何極力維護尊嚴的―這是令我驚嘆的事情�！�
　　James Nachtwey photographed detainees held by the Afghan authorities like the man in this photo. Sasha, an ICRC interpreter based in Kabul, accompanied him. Afterwards, Sasha spoke of what he had learnt:“I discovered that many of them had held on to their sense of themselves, that they had emerged intact from some very difficult situations. Sometimes, I ask myself: "In a situation like theirs, would I have done as well?" How they managed to preserve their dignity: this is the astonishing thing for me."
　　
　　住所 Shelter and flight
　　在這個被改成收容中心的車庫中,20戶流離失所的家庭住在破舊的單間里。格魯吉亞祖格迪迪的官方失業(yè)率約為70%。大多數(shù)人靠每月22拉里(10美元)的公共福利金維生,以豆子和面食為主食。
　　In this garage, which has been converted into a collection centre, 20 displaced families live in shabby single rooms in Georgia. The official rate of unemployment in Zugdidi is approximately 70 percent.Most people subsist on monthly public welfare payments of 22 lari (10 US dollars) and a diet of pulses and pasta.
　　
　　紙板做鋪蓋 Bedding on boards
　　在菲律賓的棉蘭老島、政府軍與武裝叛軍對峙前線的一個疏散中心,一名兒童在他家的臨時住所前玩耍。一些家庭能夠在學(xué)校和公共建筑內(nèi)找到臨時避難所,而另一些家庭的處境更加岌岌可危,有時甚至就睡在硬紙板上。
　　On the island of Mindanao in Philippine, a child plays in front of his family"s temporary home in an evacuation centre on the frontline between government forces and armed opposition fighters. While some families were able to find shelter in schools and public buildings, others are living more precariously, sometimes sleeping on nothing more than sections of cardboard.
　　
　　城中之戰(zhàn) War in the city櫨
　　黎巴嫩的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)愈演愈烈,最近一輪戰(zhàn)斗于2008年5月初爆發(fā),7月和8月最為激烈。沖突在貝魯特爆發(fā),當(dāng)時的反對黨成員在該城的街道上對執(zhí)政黨發(fā)動了攻擊。戰(zhàn)斗迅速蔓延到其他城市,危及約15萬居民。
　　The civil war in Lebanon got more and more serious,the latest round of fighting began in early May 2008 and peaked in July and August. The conflicted erupted in Beirut where members of what was then the opposition party confronted the ruling loyalists on the streets of the city. The fighting soon reached the other city, endangering approximately 150,000 inhabitants.
　　
　　等待消息 Waiting for news
　　剛果民主共和國的11歲的奧齊亞斯呆在這個臨時休息所里,他不知道父母是否還活著。不久之后他將在紅十字國際委員會的幫助下與其家人重聚。
　　Ozias is eleven years old. Here, at a temporary resting place, he is wondering whether his parents are still alive in The Democratic Republic of Congo. He would soon be reunited with his family through the efforts of the ICRC.
　　
　　破壞與逃亡 Destruction and flight
　　巴里德河是黎巴嫩北部的巴勒斯坦難民營, 2007年黎巴嫩軍隊與“伊斯蘭法塔赫”武裝組織在該營地發(fā)生了近4個月的戰(zhàn)斗。約有400名黎巴嫩軍人、法塔赫成員以及平民在沖突中喪生。巴里德河大部分區(qū)域被夷為平地,4萬名居民中的絕大多數(shù)都逃到了鄰近的巴達維難民營或黎巴嫩的其他地方。數(shù)月來他們常處于不穩(wěn)定的環(huán)境之中。對于那些年邁的巴勒斯坦難民來說,這已是他們第二次或是第三次流離失所了。難民營正在慢慢重建,但是截至2008年末成千上萬的居民依然無法重返家園。
　　Nahr el-Bared is a Palestinian refugee camp in northern Lebanon where, for almost four months in 2007, the Lebanese army battled an armed group called Fatah al-Islam. About 400 people died in the fighting: Lebanese soldiers, Fatah members and civilians. Much of Nahr el-Bared was reduced to rubble and most of its 40,000 inhabitants fled to the adjacent Beddawi camp or elsewhere in Lebanon. They lived for months in conditions that were often precarious. For the oldest among these Palestinian refugees, it was the second or third time they had been displaced. The camp is gradually being rebuilt, but as of late 2008 thousands of inhabitants had still not been able to return.
　　
　　足球生涯 Football for life
　　截肢者足球一直是利比里亞截肢青年莫大的希望和慰藉之源。他們是最邊緣的人群之一,其中大多數(shù)人都是戰(zhàn)爭受害者。
　　“當(dāng)被問及截肢后的感受時,他們大多數(shù)都說想要自殺。”國家截肢者足球隊資深教練保羅?托爾伯特表示:“生活對他們而言不再有意義。截肢者足球幫他們重建希望。以最近非洲杯截肢者足球賽中被譽為最佳球員的小伙子為例,他是一名非常棒的球員,但腿被截肢后就失去了希望。在招收他時我對他說,‘你一定行。你還有機會。’他找回了希望,而且,現(xiàn)在他知道,像贏得勝利這種以前擁有雙腿時都無法做到的事情,如今靠一條腿就能做了�！�
　　Amputee football has been the source of enormous hope and solace for one of the most marginalized groups in Liberia: young men. They are, most of them, victims of the war.
　　“When you ask them how they felt after being amputated, most of them say that they wanted to kill themselves,” says Paul A.Tolbert, senior coach of the national amputee football team. “Life no longer had meaning for them. Amputee football restores their hope. Take the guy who was named the most valuable player in the recent African Cup for amputee football. He was a very good player, but he lost hope when his leg was amputated. When I went to recruit him, I told him, ‘You can make it. There is still a chance for you.’ He has gained hope and, what’s more, now knows that what he could not do, win a war when he had two legs, he is now doing on one leg.”

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