李素芝雪域里的天使將軍_門巴將軍完整版

　　李素芝,山東臨沂人,1970年參軍,1976年軍校畢業(yè),分配到上海第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)海醫(yī)院普外科工作。因?yàn)榕加鲆粋�(gè)延誤治療來(lái)上海住院的西藏戰(zhàn)士,說(shuō)起西藏缺醫(yī)少藥的情況,22歲的李素芝申請(qǐng)入藏,分到西藏山南軍分區(qū)做邊防軍醫(yī),然后成為西藏軍區(qū)副司令員、西藏軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院院長(zhǎng)。
　　是什么力量讓一個(gè)很有前途的年輕軍醫(yī)放棄大城市,在西藏堅(jiān)守大半生?
　　請(qǐng)看一個(gè)畫家是怎樣去描摹被藏民稱為“門巴將軍”的這位山東人的。
　　
　　Li Suzhi, born in Linyi, Shandong Province, joined in the army in 1970. After graduating from military school in 1976, he was assigned a job at the General Surgery Department of Changhai Hospital of Shanghai No. 2 Military Medical University, were he encountered a Tibetan soldier who came to Shanghai to be hospitalized due to delayed treatment in Tibet. Hearing that Tibet was short of doctors and medicine, 22-year-old Li Suzhi applied to work in Tibet. Then he was assigned as a frontier military doctor at Shannan Military Branch of Tibet Military Region.
　　
　　門巴,藏語(yǔ)中醫(yī)生的意思。
　　2009年,我做的最大一件事,用7個(gè)月畫了一幅國(guó)畫。
　　畫兩米多見(jiàn)方。畫面中心,用寫實(shí)手法勾畫出的一位軍醫(yī)正屏息凝神,給藏族小孩聽(tīng)診。20多個(gè)藏民形成兩股人流:懷抱著孩子候診的母親、抿嘴好奇打量的老頭老太太、忙著倒茶的婦女、草地上已睡熟的孩子,與軍醫(yī)動(dòng)靜形成對(duì)比。對(duì)著畫外靦腆微笑的藏族少女,與觀者互動(dòng)把人帶進(jìn)畫中,達(dá)到了畫外有畫的意境。畫面色調(diào)選用宿墨單一的青灰色,人物土黃色的五官,朱砂色的印章,構(gòu)成了繪畫中最基本的紅黃藍(lán)三原色。
　　畫完收筆蓋印,我百感交集。那天盛夏突降瓢潑大雨,我接著雨水,一遍遍沖刷著門前的地面⋯⋯
　　雨中我如釋重負(fù)。畫取名《雪域天使――門巴將軍李素芝在牧區(qū)》。
　　2007年,受解放軍總政文藝局的邀請(qǐng),我動(dòng)身去西藏采集素材,創(chuàng)作反映西藏軍區(qū)副司令員、西藏軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院院長(zhǎng)李素芝將軍先進(jìn)事跡的繪畫作品。當(dāng)時(shí)所能查到的資料不過(guò)百八十字:李素芝,山東臨沂人,1970年參軍,1976年軍校畢業(yè),分配到上海第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)海醫(yī)院普外科工作。因?yàn)榕加鲆粋�(gè)延誤治療來(lái)上海住院的西藏戰(zhàn)士,說(shuō)起西藏缺醫(yī)少藥的情況,22歲的李素芝申請(qǐng)入藏,分到西藏山南軍分區(qū)做邊防軍醫(yī)。
　　是什么力量讓一個(gè)很有前途的年輕軍醫(yī)放棄大城市,在西藏堅(jiān)守大半生?
　　當(dāng)我在萬(wàn)米高空俯瞰綿延雪山時(shí),這個(gè)傳奇色彩的名字,讓我有了多個(gè)想象,是個(gè)技高膽大豪爽的軍人,還是嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)儒雅的醫(yī)生形象?我試圖從一個(gè)畫家的角度,去描摹被藏民稱為“門巴將軍”的這位山東人。
　　
　　藏民的“門巴將軍”
　　李素芝外出開會(huì)去了。
　　接飛機(jī)的軍醫(yī)給了兩�！案咴�康膠囊”讓我吃上,醫(yī)院自己研制的預(yù)防急性高原病的藥。這個(gè)特殊的見(jiàn)面禮讓我意識(shí)到,神秘的高原已經(jīng)在我腳下了,一種莫名的興奮、不安和期待在胸中涌動(dòng)。
　　醫(yī)院,一座簡(jiǎn)樸的四層的門診、病房樓,在海拔3700米的高原上,周圍石頭山上沒(méi)有植被。隨處可見(jiàn)的勵(lì)志口號(hào),軍人三人以上的列隊(duì)行走,傳統(tǒng)的記憶把我?guī)Щ氐酱蠖际械纳鲜兰o(jì)90年代。
　　初秋的西藏天高云淡。藍(lán)天、金黃的楊樹葉、白色的醫(yī)院,在我這個(gè)畫家眼中,可以組織成明麗的彩畫。但這是世界上含氧力最低的地區(qū),光照強(qiáng)得睜不開眼,早晚溫差大,八九點(diǎn)才天黑�？諝飧稍�,我流鼻血,不停地喝水,成宿睡不著。
　　在醫(yī)院的幾天采訪拍照,我聽(tīng)到了不少李素芝的“民間版本”。
　　“這個(gè)人很能吃苦,是個(gè)工作狂,精歷特旺盛,就是不會(huì)過(guò)日子,晚上10點(diǎn)多回家,家弄得跟宿舍一樣。”
　　“在醫(yī)院寫假條得用廢紙,否則老李肯定打回來(lái)。什么事都別蒙他,醫(yī)院有多少個(gè)老鼠洞,他都知道�！�
　　“凡是給男病人導(dǎo)尿之類的事,他都自己干,當(dāng)醫(yī)生時(shí)就這樣,這讓女護(hù)士都很感激”。
　　“他老家的幾個(gè)妹妹下崗,來(lái)這想讓他幫忙找點(diǎn)活干,他都沒(méi)管。他工資高,貼補(bǔ)了點(diǎn)錢,有幾個(gè)回去了。一個(gè)小妹妹曾留在拉薩菜市場(chǎng)做點(diǎn)小生意,市場(chǎng)上一個(gè)賣菜的山東大姐幫的忙�！�
　　李素芝總算是回來(lái)了。院長(zhǎng)辦公室門口走廊里,工作人員、軍醫(yī)、病人二三十人排著長(zhǎng)隊(duì)。
　　剛進(jìn)去的幾個(gè)藏民,把辦公室渲染著濃重的藏族氣氛,藏袍、藏帽、黝黑發(fā)紅的臉,連空氣中來(lái)蘇水的味道,也頓時(shí)混雜進(jìn)了藏民那特有的酥油茶味道。幾個(gè)軍人關(guān)于一項(xiàng)辦公支出的討論,被一句“問(wèn)清楚都干什么的,得壓縮”收尾。透過(guò)人縫,我看見(jiàn)說(shuō)話的軍人抽著煙,皺著眉,態(tài)度很嚴(yán)肅。陪同的工作人員說(shuō),那就是李將軍。我仔細(xì)打量著,頭發(fā)已灰白,個(gè)子不高,聲音不大,人很低調(diào)。30多年的雪域烈風(fēng)刮去了他少年的英氣,臉上的“高原紅”和豬肝色,布滿血絲的眼睛,不穿軍裝,活脫脫一個(gè)“老西藏”,這是一個(gè)完全被環(huán)境同化了的山東人。那幾個(gè)藏民說(shuō)著不太流利的漢語(yǔ),找他看透視的片子。迎著窗口陽(yáng)光,他目光和語(yǔ)調(diào)都變得很柔和很溫暖。我很難想象一個(gè)行醫(yī)30多年的大夫、院長(zhǎng),還會(huì)對(duì)貿(mào)然上門的病人有如此大的耐心、謙和。
　　辦公柜上放著一個(gè)心臟模型。聽(tīng)說(shuō)心胸外科專家李素芝,號(hào)稱“高原一把刀”。門診、查房、手術(shù),我就在旁邊一直緊跟著他,抓拍了上千張工作照片。查房時(shí)就碰到一個(gè)心臟手術(shù)不久,身上插滿了管子的小姑娘,李素芝耐心地檢查并叮囑著醫(yī)生。原來(lái)西藏高寒缺氧,先天性心臟病發(fā)病率是內(nèi)地的兩三倍,有的一家就好幾個(gè)。
　　1978年,李素芝從邊防回到西藏軍區(qū)總院,主管的第一個(gè)病人就死于先心病。這成為多年來(lái)他心理上的陰影。于是從那時(shí)起的20年,工作之余,李素芝堅(jiān)持做了這樣一件事:
　　第一個(gè)10年,在醫(yī)院停尸房旁,找了間土木房做實(shí)驗(yàn)室。有人說(shuō)他想出風(fēng)頭,有人嘲笑他缺氧神經(jīng)末梢血壓不夠,頭腦不清醒,得了妄想癥。因?yàn)檫B外國(guó)專家在這海拔3500米以上的高原,做的兩例心臟手術(shù)都失敗了。沒(méi)經(jīng)費(fèi)就自己掏工資,買設(shè)備買狗做動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn),到處學(xué)習(xí);第二個(gè)10年,動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)成功的基礎(chǔ)上,繼續(xù)深入。2000年,李素芝把自己親戚家的一個(gè)患先心病的小外孫拉上高原,用一天時(shí)間做了第一例實(shí)驗(yàn),手術(shù)成功,從此以后心臟手術(shù)得以全面開展。到現(xiàn)在心臟、肝腎移植等重大手術(shù)做了上千例,許多都創(chuàng)下了世界醫(yī)學(xué)奇跡。34年,時(shí)間鍛造出了最鋒利的手術(shù)刀。
　　李素芝與母親的合影,一直擺在宿舍里。母親,災(zāi)荒年能把糧食勻給別人,而給自己的6個(gè)孩子煮湯喝;病危時(shí)怕耽誤西藏的老二,把工作、聲譽(yù)看得比命重。與四十年代參加革命的沂蒙老區(qū)的父母一樣,兩代人都有著為國(guó)家擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)呢?zé)任感、使命感。
　　1996年,李素芝當(dāng)院長(zhǎng)后,就帶醫(yī)療隊(duì)到邊防連隊(duì)哨所和農(nóng)牧區(qū)、寺院巡回醫(yī)療,還發(fā)放了上萬(wàn)個(gè)免費(fèi)醫(yī)療證,免費(fèi)做心臟、復(fù)明手術(shù)。李素芝說(shuō),免費(fèi)醫(yī)療證,發(fā)給駐地附近的,那些邊遠(yuǎn)牧區(qū)的牧民,別說(shuō)交醫(yī)藥費(fèi),就是生活費(fèi)、路費(fèi)也是醫(yī)院保障,每年最少要補(bǔ)貼幾千萬(wàn)。
　　曾有心理學(xué)家做過(guò)分析,對(duì)職業(yè)的主動(dòng)選擇源于幼小時(shí)潛意識(shí)的渴望。李素芝有過(guò)這樣一個(gè)經(jīng)歷:十幾歲的一個(gè)雨夜高燒,母親背著他沖向鄉(xiāng)衛(wèi)生院,可因?yàn)橹挥袃擅�錢被大夫拒之門外,吵鬧中一名主治大夫開門救了他。所以在后來(lái)部隊(duì)推薦的幾個(gè)學(xué)校中,李素芝選擇了軍醫(yī),并記住了雨夜里的主治醫(yī)生,名叫張子善。
　　手術(shù)刀下都是一樣的生命,李素芝說(shuō)。
　　藏民對(duì)我說(shuō),在“門巴將軍”眼里沒(méi)有官民之分,當(dāng)官的、老百姓一樣看待。他確實(shí)是一個(gè)好人。僧人說(shuō),從佛教角度講,他確實(shí)大慈大悲。
　　我在大昭寺搜集素材,目睹無(wú)數(shù)的善男信女,一路等身長(zhǎng)頭,磕到大昭寺求福祈愿。幾天下來(lái),那些遠(yuǎn)道而來(lái)的藏民,在我的鏡頭下,從起初不好意思躲鏡頭,到一見(jiàn)如故,友好地對(duì)我說(shuō)笑。有時(shí)我覺(jué)得李素芝也像個(gè)朝圣者,懷揣信念,身體力行,丈量人生。
　　
　　戰(zhàn)士的“守護(hù)神”
　　“我坐著火車去拉薩,看看那雄偉的布達(dá)拉⋯⋯”,磁帶里的歌聲不停地在車中回蕩。為獲得第一手素材,離開拉薩,行程數(shù)千里,我重走醫(yī)院義務(wù)巡回醫(yī)療的路。
　　遠(yuǎn)處地平線上雪山連綿,成群的牛羊像悠閑的云朵,繡在一望無(wú)際的金黃色草地上,間或一列火車從青藏鐵路疾駛而過(guò),車上陪同人員興奮地喊著“火車,火車”。與李素芝那些老西藏講博愛(ài)奉獻(xiàn)的年代不同,這些趕上西藏提速的年輕人,科研學(xué)習(xí)條件今非昔比。十幾年前醫(yī)院考出去27名研究生,個(gè)個(gè)“孔雀東南飛”,一個(gè)都不回來(lái)�，F(xiàn)在不同了,“遇到人才,院長(zhǎng)的防線就軟了,能答應(yīng)的都答應(yīng),當(dāng)寶貝一樣,許多人都被他感動(dòng)來(lái)的。碩士以上、副主任醫(yī)師職稱以上,房子、電話、吃飯,和院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一個(gè)待遇。李院長(zhǎng)愛(ài)說(shuō),踩著我的肩膀上”。
　　在西藏不能說(shuō)沒(méi)動(dòng)搖過(guò),李素芝曾很直率地說(shuō),當(dāng)年自愿申請(qǐng)進(jìn)藏,同學(xué)說(shuō)我傻。人生各有歸路,在一個(gè)特定的年代,主動(dòng)選擇了另外一種人生,個(gè)人命運(yùn)也伴隨著國(guó)家的每一步發(fā)展,當(dāng)上院長(zhǎng)、博導(dǎo)、將軍,說(shuō)我傻的人少了。西藏人特別容易動(dòng)真感情,你給他做點(diǎn)事情,他會(huì)10倍20倍報(bào)答你。在西藏當(dāng)醫(yī)生,我覺(jué)得不虧。
　　多年的繪畫經(jīng)歷,骨子里的平民情結(jié),我早已把情感融入了尋常百姓的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活。即使在這樣貧瘠的荒原,也有著讓人激動(dòng)的情感和精神。人們的堅(jiān)韌質(zhì)樸和信仰,給了我豐厚的滋養(yǎng)。我不停的記錄著,以至于陪同我的軍醫(yī)不斷提醒,慢點(diǎn),這是在高原。
　　中印臨時(shí)邊界線的軍營(yíng)建在山坡上。滿山的野杜鵑在凜冽的風(fēng)雪中傲立,戰(zhàn)士們用彩色的石頭在山坡上,勾畫出一幅中國(guó)地圖。地圖中央兩行字“祖國(guó)在我心中,我在祖國(guó)懷抱”。在冰天雪地的世界屋脊上,我被震撼著�！白鎳�(guó)”兩個(gè)字,第一次在我心中如此真切。
　　缺氧、嚴(yán)寒、高原疾病,就連普通感冒引起肺水腫,也危及戰(zhàn)士生命。幾十年來(lái),李素芝含淚送別了許多戰(zhàn)友。西藏軍區(qū)原司令員張貴榮,就是在騎馬下邊防的途中發(fā)病,永遠(yuǎn)地長(zhǎng)眠在雪域高原,還不滿50歲。
　　1996年,李素芝開始組織醫(yī)院上下,翻雪山、跑邊卡、上哨所調(diào)研,采集藥物標(biāo)本,做動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn),攻關(guān)組在部隊(duì)營(yíng)區(qū)訓(xùn)練場(chǎng)考察。近一年時(shí)間,預(yù)防高原病的“高原康膠囊”研制成功。至今,駐藏部隊(duì)沒(méi)有一名官兵因急性高山病死亡。戰(zhàn)士們把李素芝稱為“守護(hù)神”。
　　
　　雪域天使
　　從西藏回來(lái)的日子里,我沉浸在激動(dòng)中。靈魂的凈化、心靈的震撼,還有那20多天難以忘卻的記憶。紫外線灼傷,臉上起滿了水泡,心臟也經(jīng)歷了一次高原的檢驗(yàn),連續(xù)幾個(gè)月隱隱作痛。但我欣慰的是,我為創(chuàng)作帶回了大量第一手素材。
　　李素芝的形象,天天浮現(xiàn)在我眼前:他與藏民和藹地交談;他給小患者慈祥地聽(tīng)診;他和軍醫(yī)們?cè)谘┑乩锿栖嚽靶?他在野外和同事就著雪團(tuán)吃干糧;他在青藏鐵路羊八井工地,給鋪路工人醫(yī)診;牧區(qū)巡診臨別時(shí),藏民們蜂擁著為他和軍醫(yī)們獻(xiàn)上哈達(dá),甚至是他用那纏著透明膠帶的老款手機(jī)打電話的樣子,這個(gè)樸實(shí)、敬業(yè)、堅(jiān)韌的山東漢子啊,你在雪域高原近40年的生命歷程和豐富情感,我該如何去描繪啊!
　　最后我選定了李素芝到牧區(qū)巡診,為兒童篩查先心病的場(chǎng)面,把我內(nèi)心真切的感受表達(dá)出來(lái)。
　　2009年歲末,第十一屆全國(guó)美展獲獎(jiǎng)作品展在中國(guó)美術(shù)館舉辦。在20件國(guó)畫獲獎(jiǎng)作品中,《雪域天使――門巴將軍李素芝在牧區(qū)》獲得銀獎(jiǎng),同時(shí)獲得國(guó)家級(jí)中國(guó)美術(shù)最高榮譽(yù)獎(jiǎng):首屆中國(guó)美術(shù)獎(jiǎng)?創(chuàng)作獎(jiǎng),并入選中央統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)部主辦的《靈感高原》西藏主題展。
　　獲獎(jiǎng)作品刊登后,一位美術(shù)專業(yè)的年輕網(wǎng)友點(diǎn)評(píng)說(shuō),這畫獲獎(jiǎng)考慮政治因素了。我回貼,如果你到七八千米邊卡去看看戰(zhàn)士怎么生活,你看看那么多一貧如洗的人們免費(fèi)治療保住了命,你看看研制的藥用上多少年沒(méi)死過(guò)人,你就知道什么是政治了。
　　畫裝裱在兩米多的展板上。記得抬畫板等著裝車,是個(gè)悶熱八月天的傍晚。畫里牦牛在草地悠閑信步,眼前喧囂都市人頭攢動(dòng)、車流如織。邊遠(yuǎn)牧區(qū)的藏民們緊緊相擁著他們的“門巴”將軍,靜靜地倚靠在展廳門口的一個(gè)角落。不少路人被真人大小的28個(gè)人物吸引圍過(guò)來(lái)看,“好人、好大夫,太不容易了,現(xiàn)在醫(yī)患關(guān)系緊張,難得啊,那種苦地方也呆了一輩子啊”。人們駐足許久,仔細(xì)打量,前后端詳,深情凝望。夕陽(yáng)下,畫里畫外溫情脈脈。
　　經(jīng)專家小組評(píng)議,中國(guó)美術(shù)館準(zhǔn)備收藏這幅作品,我答應(yīng)了。放在家中自己看,留在中國(guó)美術(shù)館大家看。多少年后,后人也會(huì)通過(guò)這幅畫知道有李素芝這樣一個(gè)人,同樣也會(huì)被這幅畫背后他的故事所感動(dòng)⋯⋯
　　2009年國(guó)慶前夕,在電視上又看到了李素芝,作為19名山東籍候選人之一,他被評(píng)為“雙百人物”,還當(dāng)選“新中國(guó)成立以來(lái)感動(dòng)中國(guó)人物”。兩年不到,他頭發(fā)白了不少。從22歲到年過(guò)半百,生命中最寶貴的34年留在了雪域高原。李素芝說(shuō),人這一輩子能干事的好時(shí)候,實(shí)在太短了。
　　我想,謹(jǐn)以《雪域天使》獻(xiàn)給那些堅(jiān)守并貢獻(xiàn)在西藏的人們吧。
　　
　　In Tibetan Menba means a doctor.
　　In 2009, I spent seven months on painting a traditional Chinese picture.
　　The size of the picture is about roughly two square meters. At the center of the picture a military doctor is concentrating on auscultating a little Tibetan child. More than 20 Tibetan people form two lines. Among them, there we see a mother holding a baby waiting for diagnosis, old men and old women looking around curiously, a woman busy with serving tea and children sleeping on the grassland. The young Tibetan girl shyly smiling to the outside of the picture takes the readers into the scene of the picture, producing a marvelous image.
　　In 2007, at the invitation of the Art and Literature Bureau of the PLA General Political Department, I went to Tibet to collect raw materials to create a painting to display the merits of General Li Suzhi, who is Vice Commander of Tibet Military Region and President of the General Hospital of Tibet Military Region. At that time, I knew nothing about Li Suzhi save for his resume: Li Suzhi, born in Linyi, Shandong Province, joined in the army in 1970. After graduating from military school in 1976, he was assigned a job at the General Surgery Department of Changhai Hospital of Shanghai No. 2 Military Medical University, were he encountered a Tibetan soldier who came to Shanghai to be hospitalized due to delayed treatment in Tibet. Hearing that Tibet was short of doctors and medicine, 22-year-old Li Suzhi applied to work in Tibet. Then he was assigned as a frontier military doctor at Shannan Military Branch of Tibet Military Region.
　　When I took an aerial view of the snow-covered mountain in the ten thousand-meter high sky, his legendary name aroused much imagination in my mind. Was he a bold military man with high skills or a scrupulous and courteous doctor? I tried to picture this man who was called by the Tibetan people “General Menba” from the viewpoint of a painter.
　　In 1978, Li Suzhi came back to work at the General Hospital of Tibet Military Region. The first patient he was responsible for died of congenital heart disease, which left unhappy memories in his mind. Since then, over the past 20 years, he has insisted on doing the following things.
　　In the first 10 years, he established a lab in a simple room next to the mortuary in the hospital. Since on the 3,500-meter high plateau, even the foreign expert failed to perform successfully two cardiac operations. Without funding, he used his own salary to buy the equipment and dogs used for experimental operations. In the second 10 years, he continued his exploration. In 2000, Li Suzhi took the grandson of a relative of his who suffered from congenital disease to the Tibet plateau and performed the cardiac operation for him in one day. The operation was successful. After that, he started to perform cardiac operations regularly. Thus far, he has done more than 1,000 cardiac and liver and kidney transplant operations, which created many medical miracles in the world.
　　In 1996, after acting as President of the General Hospital of Tibet Military Region, Li Suzhi took a medical team to launch mobile medical treatment for the frontier guards, agricultural and pastoral areas, and monasteries. Moreover, he distributed more than 10,000 free medical treatment certificates to have cardiac and cataract operations done. Li Suzhi said that the herdsmen receiving the free medical certificate not only were free from paying the medical expenses, but also were free from paying their boarding and travel expenses. In one year, the hospital needs to subsidize these people by at least ten millions yuan.
　　In 1996, Li Suzhi started to organize research among the frontier guards to produce new medicines. In one year, the “Plateau Health Capsule” used to prevent the plateau disease was successfully developed. Thus far, no military officer or soldier of the Tibet Military Region has died of acute mountain sickness.
　　At the end of 2009, exhibition of the prize-winning works of the 11th National Fine Arts Exhibition sponsored by the Ministry of Culture, which was held once every five years, was held at the Gallery of China in Beijing. Angel in the Snow Region―General Menba Li Suzhi in the Pastoral Area was granted the silver prize.
　　Just before the National Day in 2009, I saw Li Suzhi again on TV. He was chosen as one of the figures moving China since New China was founded. From 22 years old to his fifties, he left 34 years of his life in the snow covered plateau.
　　

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：雪域 將軍 天使 李素芝雪域里的天使將軍 雪域里的天使將軍 李素芝門巴將軍