適用于散葉烘烤的無(wú)縫懸掛煙夾研制與應(yīng)用?

　　摘要[目的]研制與應(yīng)用適用于散葉烘烤的無(wú)縫懸掛煙夾。[方法]通過(guò)烘烤試驗(yàn)對(duì)無(wú)縫懸掛煙夾進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。[結(jié)果]與傳統(tǒng)掛竿相比，煙夾單炕用于夾煙、裝煙、卸煙、解煙的用工比掛竿減少3.00個(gè)；單炕技改成本增加10 300.00元；單夾裝煙量增加1 倍，單炕裝煙量提高34 %；干煙耗煤量減少0.31 kg/kg，干煙耗電量減少0.14（kW·h）/kg，能耗成本減少0.22元/kg；烤后煙葉上等煙比例、黃煙比例、均價(jià)分別提高了4.74%、058%和1.08元/kg；烤后煙葉淀粉降低1.92%，化學(xué)成分協(xié)調(diào)性較好。[結(jié)論]該裝置改善了煙葉烘烤質(zhì)量，可實(shí)現(xiàn)烘烤環(huán)節(jié)中減工降本增效。
　　關(guān)鍵詞無(wú)縫懸掛煙夾；烤煙；散葉烘烤；掛竿；用工量
　　中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)S226文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼A文章編號(hào)0517-6611（2017）21-0099-04
　　The Design and Application of Seamless Hanging Tobacco Clip Suitable for Dispersed Leavescuring
　　ZHAO Longjie， DAI Xianqiang， PENG Jun et al
　�。‵engdu Branch Office of Chongqing City Company of China National Tobacco Corporation， Chongqing 408200）
　　Abstract[Objective]To design and apply the seamless hanging tobacco clip which is suitable for dispersed leavescuring.[Method]The seamless hanging tobacco clip was verified by baking tests.[Result]Compared with traditional loading leaf with pole， seamless hanging tobacco clip could save 3.00 labours during cliping， loading， unloading and unlashing leaves par barn. The cost of technical transformation increasing 10 300.00 yuan per barn. The loading amount of one seamless hanging tobacco clip increased two times. The loading amount of one fluecured house of seamless hanging tobacco clip was increased by 34%. The coal consumption and power consumption decreased by 0.31 kg/kg and 014（kw·h）/kg respectively， the energy consumption decreased by 0.22 yuan/kg. The proportion of superior grade， proportion of orange leaves and average price were higher than traditional loading leaf with pole 4.74%，0.58% and 1.08 yuan/kg respectively，the contents of starch of curing leaves decreased by 1.92%， and the harmony of chemical components was better.[Conclusion]The leaf quality of tobacco was improved ， labours were reduced， cost was decreased， efficiency was increased after using this device.
　　Key wordsSeamless hanging tobacco clip；Tobacco；Dispersed leavescuring；Traditional loading leaf with pole；Labour
　　近年來(lái)，散葉烘烤在全國(guó)各地?zé)焻^(qū)陸續(xù)開(kāi)展，一般有散堆式、筐式、插扦、箱式等散葉裝煙方式[1-4]，該技術(shù)具有煙葉烤黃烤香的潛勢(shì)，能省去編煙上竿和卸煙下竿等操作環(huán)節(jié)，提高烘烤效率，有利于節(jié)能降耗、減工降本，實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家煙草專(zhuān)賣(mài)局提出的專(zhuān)業(yè)化分級(jí)、散葉收購(gòu)的目標(biāo)[5-10]。但該技術(shù)仍存在一些問(wèn)題，尤其是煙葉凋萎后倒伏會(huì)影響通風(fēng)的均勻性和排濕效果，因此對(duì)裝煙技術(shù)和烘烤工藝要求較高。自臥式密集烤房推廣以來(lái)，極大改善了煙葉烘烤質(zhì)量[11-12]。但現(xiàn)行的密集烘烤技術(shù)大多采用常規(guī)掛竿裝煙方式烘烤，限制了密集烤房的裝煙量，導(dǎo)致編煙勞動(dòng)投入成本高，且密集烤房的裝煙密度和烘烤效率未能充分發(fā)揮[2]。劉衛(wèi)華等[13]、楊學(xué)書(shū)等[14]采取增加密集烤房層數(shù)，提高烤房容量30%；陳勇華等[15]采取散葉堆積烘烤單炕增加鮮煙葉1 108.5 kg，但仍存在編煙用工量大或烘烤技術(shù)難度大等問(wèn)題。王建安等[16]設(shè)計(jì)的快速懸掛煙夾在裝煙時(shí)利用自身的框架結(jié)構(gòu)把煙葉圈攏到固定位置，沒(méi)有使用彈簧或強(qiáng)勁外力夾持煙葉，減少了勞動(dòng)用工，提高了煙葉的烘烤品質(zhì)。首安發(fā)等[17]設(shè)計(jì)了一種快速籠式煙夾，裝煙量比常規(guī)掛竿多50%以上，有效提高了烤房烘烤能力；王文超等[18]研究表明，針式煙夾、彈簧式煙夾、發(fā)夾式煙夾單炕裝煙鮮量分別增加717.0、318.0和489.0 kg，但裝煙量最多的針式煙夾裝煙量?jī)H有4 057.0 kg，且部分煙夾仍存在煙夾中間部分的烤后煙葉較光滑、平板和結(jié)構(gòu)緊密等問(wèn)題[19]。為此，在基本不改變烘烤工藝[20]、減少編煙勞動(dòng)投入成本和提高裝煙量的基礎(chǔ)上，有機(jī)結(jié)合兩排鋼針插入鮮煙葉和機(jī)械固定煙葉原理，研制了適用于散葉烘烤的無(wú)縫懸掛煙夾，以提高烤房的裝煙密度，改善煙葉烘烤質(zhì)量，實(shí)現(xiàn)減工降本的生產(chǎn)目的。

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