攀枝花煙區(qū)土壤速效鋅及鋅肥適宜用量研究

　　摘要 [目的]明確攀枝花煙區(qū)土壤速效鋅含量，探明鋅肥施用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。[方法]通過(guò)多年多點(diǎn)調(diào)查和田間試驗(yàn)，研究攀枝花煙區(qū)適宜的鋅肥施用量及其對(duì)煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響。[結(jié)果]攀枝花煙區(qū)土壤速效鋅含量為0.08～4.60 mg/kg，平均為（1.72±1.01）mg/kg，16.17%的土壤速效鋅含量極其豐富（>3.0 mg/kg），58.65%的土壤速效鋅含量豐富（1.0～3.0 mg/kg）。米易煙區(qū)土壤速效鋅含量>3.0 mg/kg和1.0～3.0 mg/kg的比例分別占24.07%和66.80%，仁和分別占4.81%和35.58%，鹽邊分別占12.30%和60.96%。施用鋅肥可以提高煙葉產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)值、均價(jià)，提高上等煙和中上等煙比例。煙葉產(chǎn)量最高平均施鋅量為（7.60±1.62） kg/hm2，產(chǎn)值最高平均施鋅量為（8.95±3.70） kg /hm2。施用鋅肥使攀枝花煙葉較好地保持了清甜香型煙葉的風(fēng)格特色。[結(jié)論]該研究為指導(dǎo)鋅肥施用提供數(shù)據(jù)支撐。
　　關(guān)鍵詞 鋅肥；適宜用量；質(zhì)量；攀枝花
　　中圖分類(lèi)號(hào) S147.5 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 0517-6611（2018）20-0113-04
　　Abstract [Objective]To determine the available zinc content of Panzhihua tobaccogrowing soil， to clear an application standard. [Method] To study an appropriate amount of zinc fertilizer and its effect on the yield and quality of tobacco leaf in Panzhihua tobacco area， the multipoint survey and the field experiments were carried out through three years at four test places. [Result]The available zinc variation of soil in Panzhihua tobaccogrowing soil was 0.08-4.60 mg/kg， with an average of （1.72±1.01） mg/kg； 16.17% of the soil was extremely high in available zinc content （> 3.0 mg/kg） and 58.65% of the soil was high； 24.07%， 4.81% and 12.30% of the soil samples were extremely high in available zinc content （> 3.0 mg/kg） in Renhe County，Miyi County and Yanbian County， respectively， and 66.80%， 35.38% and 60.96% of the soil samples were high in available zinc content （1.0-3.0 mg/kg） in Renhe County， Miyi County and Yanbian County， respectively. The application of zinc fertilizer could increase the yield and the value of tobacco leaf， raised an equal price， increased the rates of first and secondary tobacco leaf. Appropriate amount of zinc fertilizer for the highest tobacco leaf yield was （7.60±1.62） kg/hm2， and for the highest value was （8.95±3.70） kg/hm2. The using of zinc fertilizer could maintain the style characteristics of Qing Tian Flvaor tobacco leaves of the Panzhihua area.[Conclusion]This study provides data support for guiding the application of zinc fertilizer.
　　Key words Zinc fertilizer；Suitable application；Quality；Panzhihua
　　鋅是植物正常生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育過(guò)程中必不可缺少的礦質(zhì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分，在促進(jìn)植物生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、改善品質(zhì)、增加產(chǎn)量等方面起著重要作用�？緹煙熑~鋅含量為 51～84 mg/kg[1-2]。鋅對(duì)煙草體內(nèi)的眾多酶起重要作用，是許多酶的重要組成成分[3-4]。速效鋅缺乏使煙株發(fā)育受阻、葉片小、下部葉有大量壞死斑[5-6]，適宜的速效鋅可調(diào)節(jié)和促進(jìn)光合產(chǎn)物的代謝和運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，使煙葉落黃好、易烘烤，改善煙葉的香氣質(zhì)、香氣量[7-8]，速效鋅過(guò)量則會(huì)傷害烤煙根系，使根系生長(zhǎng)受阻，煙葉有褐色斑點(diǎn)和壞死[9]。合理的鋅肥施用是提高土壤速效鋅含量的最佳途徑，關(guān)于鋅肥施用對(duì)煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量影響的研究很多，主要集中在鋅肥施用方式[5]、鋅對(duì)煙草生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育[10]、生理特性[11-13]、化學(xué)成分[14-15]、香味物質(zhì)[16-17]、產(chǎn)質(zhì)量[18-19]等的影響，以及煙草抗病毒特性[20-22]、鋅與其他元素的相互作用[23-24]等方面。鋅在不同土壤和生態(tài)條件下其有效性差異較大，因此在一定生態(tài)條件下弄清鋅肥適宜施用量對(duì)指導(dǎo)施肥具有重要意義。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：攀枝花 速效 用量 土壤 適宜