貴州兩種典型生態(tài)煙區(qū)有機肥配施技術研究

　　摘 要：為了充分發(fā)揮煙葉生產(chǎn)上施用有機肥的優(yōu)勢，減小有機肥氮素效應后置對煙葉產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量的負效應，選擇貴州煙區(qū)的兩種典型生態(tài)代表區(qū)，設置5種有機肥配施比例，通過分析不同處理對土壤有機質(zhì)、堿解氮、速效鉀含量及煙葉經(jīng)濟性狀和化學成分的影響，探討不同生態(tài)區(qū)域有機肥與無機肥配施的最佳比例。結果顯示：兩個試驗區(qū)域間配施有機肥的效應有差異，土壤有機質(zhì)的變化與該區(qū)域相應時段的溫度是否適于土壤微生物活動相一致，溫度過高或過低均不利于土壤有機質(zhì)的轉化；配施25%有機肥的供氮模式與優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉生產(chǎn)的需氮規(guī)律相吻合，有利于前期產(chǎn)量形成和后期成熟落黃；威寧配施50%有機肥、黔西配施75%有機肥對提高土壤速效鉀含量有利；威寧配施25%～50%的有機肥、黔西配施50%～75%的有機肥最有利于提高煙葉經(jīng)濟性狀；威寧配施25%有機肥、黔西配施75%有機肥最有利于提高中部煙葉化學成分的協(xié)調(diào)性。結果表明有機肥配施效應因施用區(qū)域的生態(tài)條件而異，高海拔代表煙區(qū)威寧配施25%～50%有機肥、中海拔代表煙區(qū)黔西配施50%～75%有機肥最能實現(xiàn)施用有機肥的趨利避害。
　　關鍵詞：有機肥；配施比例；土壤養(yǎng)分；經(jīng)濟性狀；化學成分
　　中圖分類號：S572
　　文獻標識碼：A
　　文章編號：1008-0457（2018）03-0062-07 國際DOI編碼：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2018.03.011
　　Study on the Application of Organic Fertilizer in Two Typical Ecological Tobacco Regions in Guizhou Province
　　XIE Zhiyong1，CHEN Xue2，LIU Chang1，YU Qiwei2，XIA Zhongwen2，XIONG Jing2，BAN Guojun2，WU Lang1，HUANG Ying1*
　�。�1. College of Agriculture， Guizhou University， Guiyang， Guizhou 550025，China；2. Guizhou Tobacco Companies Bijie County branch， Bijie， Guizhou 551700， China）
　　Abstract：The aim of this study was to explore the advantages of the application of organic fertilizer in tobacco production and reduce the negative effect of nitrogen on the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. The study was undertaken in two different typical ecological areas that grow tobacco： Weining and Qianxi of Guizhou. Five ratios of combining the organic fertilizer were set up. The influence of different treatments on soil organic matter， alkali hydrolysable nitrogen， available potassium content， economic characters and chemistry of tobacco leaves was analysed. The optimal proportion of organic and inorganic fertilizers in different ecological regions was also investigated. The results showed that the effect of organic manure was different between the two experimental areas. The change of soil organic matter was closely related to the temperature suitable for the soil micro-organism activity of the corresponding period in the region. Too high or too low temperature was not conducive to the conversion of soil organic matter. The mode of nitrogen application with 25% organic fertilizer was consistent with the nitrogen requirement of high quality tobacco， which was conducive to the formation of early-stage yield and late-stage maturity. Application of 50% organic fertilizer in Weining and 75% in Qianxi was beneficial for improving the soil available potassium content. The most conducive application to improve the economic characters of the leaves was 25%～50% organic fertilizer in Weining and 50%～75% in Qianxi. Increasing the chemical composition of the middle leave in tobacco was achieved by the application of 25% organic fertilizer in Weining and 75% in Qianxi. It is obvious that the effect of organic fertilizer was different under different ecological conditions. For the high altitude represented by Weining， application of 25%～50% organic fertilizer， and， for the middle altitude represented by Qianxi， 50%～75% organic fertilizer， respectively， can achieve the beneficial effect of organic fertilizer.

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