不同移栽期對(duì)煙葉主要礦質(zhì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素的影響

　　摘 要：采用田間小區(qū)試驗(yàn)，研究了不同移栽期對(duì)煙葉礦質(zhì)元素的影響。結(jié)果表明：T3處理的磷元素含量在團(tuán)棵期、圓頂期、成熟期相對(duì)較高，而在旺長(zhǎng)期相對(duì)較低；在各個(gè)生育期T3處理鉀含量都是最高。在團(tuán)棵期、旺長(zhǎng)期T3處理煙葉鈣元素含量均較高；各個(gè)時(shí)期煙葉鎂元素含量最高。微量元素中銅、鋅、錳、鐵元素T3處理含量均最高。磷、鉀、鈣、鎂、銅、鋅、錳、鐵元素CK處理與T3處理呈顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系。說(shuō)明適當(dāng)推遲烤煙移栽期（3月15日移栽），根系吸收礦質(zhì)元素的能力增強(qiáng)，并提高了細(xì)胞內(nèi)有關(guān)酶的活性，改善了煙株的光合作用和呼吸作用，有利于干物質(zhì)的積累，提高煙葉外觀與內(nèi)在質(zhì)量。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：烤煙；移栽期；礦質(zhì)元素
　　中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A DOI 編碼：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.06.029
　　Effects of Transplanting Periods on Main Mineral Nutrition Elements of Flue-cured Tobacco
　　WANG Weifeng1， HU Yajie2， ZHANG Fengshou3， CHENG Chuance3
　　（1.Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Branch of CNTC， Nanning， Guangxi 530022， China；2.China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Company Limited， Nanning， Guangxi 530001， China； 3. Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University， Zhengzhou， Henan 450002， China）
　　Abstract ：The influence of different transplanting periods on main mineral nutrition elements of flue-cured tobacco were Studied on. The results showed that the phosphorus content of T3 treatment in the resettle stage， dome stage and maturity stage was relatively high， but in the vigorous growing stage was relatively low. The potassium content of T3 treatment in every growth period was the highest. The calcium of T3 treatment in the resettle stage and vigorous growing stage was high. The magnesium content of T3 treatment in every growth period was the highest. Trace elements in copper， zinc， manganese， iron content of T3 treatment were the highest. Phosphorus， potassium， calcium， magnesium， copper， zinc， manganese and iron of CK treatment and T3 treatment were significantly related. Appropriate delay transplanting period （on March 15） of flue-cured tobacco， the root system enhanced the ability to absorb mineral elements， and increased the activity of related enzymes in cells， improved the tobacco plant photosynthesis and respiration， was conducive to the accumulation of dry matter. These could improve the appearance and intrinsic quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves.
　　Key words：flue-cured tobacco； transplanting periods； mineral elements
　　礦質(zhì)元素是烤煙生長(zhǎng)的必需元素，主要分為大量元素、中量元素、微量元素。這些元素是烤煙生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)，決定著烤煙的生命活動(dòng)和生理代謝進(jìn)程，其吸收和利用程度直接影響煙葉產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量[1-4]，大量研究表明，煙草對(duì)環(huán)境條件變化比較敏感，對(duì)礦質(zhì)元素的吸收受土壤溫度、生育期、栽培措施、作物基因型等一系列因素的影響[5-10]。不同的移栽期決定了煙株大田生育期內(nèi)不同的氣候條件，而適宜的移栽期可以使烤煙在大田生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中有充足的光照、適宜的熱量、合理分配的降雨，避開(kāi)不利因素，促進(jìn)根系對(duì)礦質(zhì)元素的吸收和利用[11-15]。因此，研究適宜的移栽期對(duì)烤煙礦質(zhì)元素的吸收，對(duì)減少肥料施用、平衡施肥、提高煙葉品質(zhì)都具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。
　　1 材料和方法
　　1.1 試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)及材料
　　試驗(yàn)地點(diǎn)位于富川縣麥嶺鎮(zhèn)，試驗(yàn)田質(zhì)地為紅泥土，土壤肥力中等。品種為云煙87，種植行距120 cm，株距50 cm。土壤堿解氮92 mg·kg-1，速效磷28 mg·kg-1，速效鉀156 mg·kg-1，pH值為7.0。施純氮90.0 kg·hm-2，N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶1∶3。田間管理按優(yōu)質(zhì)烤煙栽培生產(chǎn)技術(shù)規(guī)范進(jìn)行。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素 移栽 煙葉 影響