文山煙區(qū)土壤和煙葉氯素特征及影響因子研究

　　摘要：為深入了解文山植煙土壤和煙葉水溶性氯含量分布狀況，并解析其影響因素，采用GPS定位技術(shù)采集了276份土壤和381份煙葉，對(duì)土壤氯和煙葉水溶性氯含量進(jìn)行測(cè)定，采用經(jīng)典統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)和地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法，對(duì)其分布及部分影響因素進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明，該煙區(qū)土壤水溶性氯平均含量為13.81 mg/kg，61.95%區(qū)域氯元素含量在適宜范圍內(nèi)（10.00～30.00 mg/kg）；煙葉水溶性氯含量普遍較低，平均含量為0.15%，變異系數(shù)為113.33%，僅有8.66%的煙樣氯含量在適宜范圍（0.30%～0.80%），低（0.10%～0.30%）和極低（< 0.10%）的煙樣占比分別為37.27%和51.71%。降水的強(qiáng)淋溶作用是導(dǎo)致文山煙葉氯元素偏低的重要原因。因此，文山煙區(qū)土壤氯元素含量適宜烤煙種植，但煙葉氯素含量均偏低，建議適當(dāng)加強(qiáng)含氯肥料的施用，并做好對(duì)氯元素的動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)，以提高煙葉品質(zhì)。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：文山煙區(qū)；土壤；氯元素；煙葉
　　中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：S572.06文章編號(hào)：1007-5119（2016）05-0040-07DOI：10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2016.05.008
　　Abstract： For a better understanding of water-dissolving chlorine contents of soil and tobacco leaf and influencing factors in Wenshan tobacco growing areas， 276 soil samples and 381 tobacco leaf samples were collected by the technology of Global Position System （GPS）. Chloride contents， spatial distribution and influencing factors were analyzed by geostatistics with GIS and statistical methods. The results were as follows： The average content of water-dissolving chlorine in various tobacco-planting soils was 13.81mg /kg in Wenshan. Chlorine content of 61.95% of the soil samples was in the appropriate level （10.00-30.00 mg/kg）， which was very fit for tobacco planting. The content of chlorine in tobacco leaves was low， and the average value of it was 0.15 % with coefficient of variation as high as113.33%. Only 8.66 % of the leaf samples had a chlorine content in the appropriate level （0.30%-0.80%）， 37.27% of the leaf samples hada chlorine content of 0.10%-0.30%，and 51.71% of the leaf samples had a chlorine content less than 0.10%. The lack of chlorine in tobacco leaves was mainly due to the amount and intensity of rainfall which caused leaching. The results revealed that in Wenshan tobacco growing areas chlorine content of the soil samples was in the appropriate level， but chlorine content of the tobacco leaf was relatively low， which is not suitable for the production of high-quality flue-cured tobacco. In order to improve the tobacco quality， appropriate application of chlorine-containing fertilizers must be recommended and be dynamic monitored.
　　Keywords：Wenshan tobacco growing areas； soil； chlorine； tobacco leaf
　　氯元素在煙草中具有特殊性，因其一方面是煙草生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的必需元素之一[1]，而另一方面在煙草制品中卻是公認(rèn)的忌氯元素。已有研究表明，當(dāng)氯含量<0.3%時(shí)，煙葉易碎，質(zhì)量下降；氯含量>1.0%時(shí)，燃燒性差，容易熄火[2-3]。氯元素只有在適宜范圍內(nèi)才能對(duì)烤煙的生長(zhǎng)和品質(zhì)都有積極影響[4]。土壤水溶性氯含量的豐缺是煙葉氯含量高低的主要影響因素之一[5-6]。由于降水的淋溶作用和種植上限制施用含氯肥料，氯元素在許多煙區(qū)已較普遍偏低，尤其在西南煙區(qū)少數(shù)煙區(qū)甚至已成為煙葉可用性的限制因素[7-9]。GIS技術(shù)已經(jīng)廣泛用于植煙土壤主要養(yǎng)分的空間特征研究[10-12]，但用于煙區(qū)氯元素的研究還較少。文山煙區(qū)是全國(guó)大煙區(qū)，是多家卷煙工業(yè)企業(yè)的煙葉供應(yīng)基地[13]，有關(guān)文山煙區(qū)土壤和煙葉水溶性氯的研究卻鮮見(jiàn)報(bào)道。因此，采用GIS技術(shù)野外調(diào)查取樣和實(shí)驗(yàn)室分析相結(jié)合的方法，研究土壤和煙葉氯含量特征以及影響因素，旨在為施用氯肥、優(yōu)化煙葉氯元素含量以及改善煙葉鉀氯比提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：文山 煙葉 因子 土壤 特征