不同磷肥施用量對(duì)植煙土壤磷有效性及煙葉產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響

　　摘 要：為探究磷肥失調(diào)對(duì)綏陽(yáng)典型植煙土壤磷有效性及煙葉（CK1）產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的影響，指導(dǎo)該地區(qū)煙葉生產(chǎn)合理施磷，并減少環(huán)境污染，本文以烤煙K326為研究材料，以不施肥和當(dāng)?shù)乜緹熒�產(chǎn)正常施肥量（CK2）為對(duì)照，設(shè)置一個(gè)缺磷處理，即僅不施磷肥而正常施用氮鉀肥，一個(gè)磷過(guò)量處理，即正常施用氮鉀肥，施用正常用量2倍的磷肥，2016年在綏陽(yáng)進(jìn)行小區(qū)對(duì)比試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明：磷肥能促進(jìn)煙株生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育，提高煙葉產(chǎn)量，但土壤中磷肥失調(diào)，成熟期煙葉經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀較差，內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分不協(xié)調(diào)，品質(zhì)較差；土壤中殘留的磷仍具有效性，且各營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素間存在相互促進(jìn)和抑制吸收現(xiàn)象；另外，增施磷肥，能顯著提高土壤有效磷和無(wú)機(jī)磷含量，擴(kuò)大土壤有效磷庫(kù)；土壤各形態(tài)無(wú)機(jī)磷中，以Fe-P含量最高，達(dá)到了16～19mg·kg-1，Al-P含量最少，不足1mg·kg-1；4個(gè)處理無(wú)機(jī)磷總量相對(duì)于原始土樣的增量分別為21.7、12.0、8.4和7.1%，過(guò)量和正常施磷均造成該地區(qū)磷肥資源的浪費(fèi)以及增加環(huán)境污染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，建議適當(dāng)降低磷肥施用量長(zhǎng)期施用或以當(dāng)?shù)卣�常施磷量間歇性施用，但降低磷肥施用時(shí)要注意相應(yīng)地調(diào)整氮鉀肥的施用量。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：磷；失調(diào)；土壤磷有效性；產(chǎn)量；煙葉品質(zhì)
　　中圖分類號(hào)：S572
　　文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A
　　文章編號(hào)：1008-0457（2017）06-0038-06 國(guó)際DOI編碼：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2017.06.007
　　Abstract：This study explores the effects of phosphate disorders on the phosphorous availability in typical tobacco soil of Suiyang County， Guizhou Province， in order to guide the reasonable application of phosphorous for the production of tobacco in this region and reduce environmental pollution. The material used was cured tobacco K326. No fertilization and local normal fertilization（CK2） were set as control groups. The experiment included a phosphorus deficiency treatment （i.e. normal nitrogen and potassium fertilizer level but no phosphorus fertilizer） and a phosphorus excess treatment （i.e. normal nitrogen and potassium fertilizer level but twice the phosphorus fertilizer than normal level）. Plot contrast test was carried out in Suiyang County in 2016. The results indicated that phosphorus fertilizer could promote the growth of tobacco and increase tobacco yield， but the phosphate disorders could lead to inferior economic character， incongruous internal chemical components and lower quality. The residual phosphate left in the soil still has efficiency， and the interaction of the elements could promote or inhibit their absorption. In addition， increase of phosphorus fertilizer could improve the content of effective phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus significantly and thus extend the effective phosphorus pools. Among the different inorganic phosphorus types， the content of Fe-P was the highest， reached 16～19 mg·kg-1， while Al-P was the lowest， less than 1 mg·kg-1. The contents of total inorganic phosphate were increased in the four treatments relative to the control group and the increase were 21.7%、12.0%、8.4% and 7.1%， respectively. Both the excess and normal phosphorus fertilizer leads to a waste of phosphorus resources and increase the risk of environmental pollution. Therefore， we suggest appropriate reduction of the phosphorus fertilizer for the long term or intermittent application of normal phosphorus fertilizer. In addition， the use of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers should also be adjusted accordingly while reducing the rates of phosphorus application.

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：煙土 施用 磷肥 煙葉 性及