陜西省旬邑縣中藥資源調(diào)查研究
發(fā)布時間:2019-08-26 來源: 人生感悟 點(diǎn)擊:
摘要 [目的]摸清旬邑縣中藥資源及其分布規(guī)律,分析藥用植物的多樣性特征,為該縣中藥資源的開發(fā)利用和保護(hù)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。[方法]通過野外調(diào)查、標(biāo)本采集、鑒定與走訪調(diào)查的方法,對旬邑縣中藥資源的多樣性進(jìn)行研究。[結(jié)果]旬邑縣共有中草藥755種,其中植物藥660種,原植物隸屬于104科345屬551種,動物藥95種,原動物隸屬于43科71種。雙子葉植物464種,占藥用植物總數(shù)的84.21%;以菊科、豆科、薔薇科等為優(yōu)勢科;入藥部位以全草、根及根莖為多;植物生活習(xí)性以草本為主;藥效以清熱藥為最多。[結(jié)論]旬邑縣中藥資源豐富,但大多數(shù)蘊(yùn)藏量不大,形成商品不多,所以應(yīng)在保護(hù)的前提下加快研究步伐,進(jìn)行合理開發(fā)利用。
關(guān)鍵詞 中藥資源;開發(fā)利用;旬邑縣
中圖分類號 S567 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611(2017)28-0014-04
Abstract [Objective]The objective was to study the tradition Chinese medicine resources and distribution regularity,and their diversity characteristics in Xunyi County,Shaanxi Province,and to provide a scientific basis for the development, utilization and protection of the tradition Chinese medicine resources in this county. [Method]By field survey,specimen collection, taxonomic identification and interview methods,diversity of tradition chinese medicine resources was researched. [Result]There were 755 kinds of the Chinese herbal in Xunyi County,including 660 kinds of plant medicine,the original plants belong to 104 families,345 genuera and 551 species. There were 95 kinds of animal medicina, and the original animals belong to 43 families and 71 species. There were 464 species of dicotyledonous plants,accounting for 84.21% of the total number of medicine plants. Dominant famliler were mainly Compositae ,Leguminosae and Rosaceae. In this area,the plants used whole herbs and roots(or rhizomes) as medicinal materials,Herbaceous plants were the main habits of plant life,and efficacy of the heatclearing and detoxifying drugs was the most. [Conclusion]Xunyi County is rich in traditional Chinese medicine resources.However,the reserves of most medicinal plants are less enough and there are not many commodities, So we should accelerate the research progress as well as developing and utilizing rationally on the premise of protection.
Key words Tradition Chinese medicine resources;Development and utilization;Xunyi County
中藥資源是在一定的氣候條件與生態(tài)環(huán)境下形成的、在一定區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)分布的各種植物藥、動物藥和礦物藥及其蘊(yùn)藏量的總和。植物藥和動物藥屬可再生的生物資源;礦物藥為非再生資源。中藥資源是中藥科研、中藥材生產(chǎn)和中成藥生產(chǎn)的前提和保障,同時也是保健功能性食品、化妝品、染料等產(chǎn)品的重要原料。因此,中藥資源的保護(hù),對中藥行業(yè)及其他行業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展起著舉足輕重的作用,并且還有利于保護(hù)生物多樣性與生態(tài)環(huán)境。旬邑縣具有良好的自然地理環(huán)境和豐富的中藥材資源,中藥材種植歷史悠久,因此被選為第4次全國中藥資源普查試點(diǎn)縣。2013年3月至2014年11月對旬邑縣縣域內(nèi)的中藥資源進(jìn)行了較為全面的調(diào)查,取得了大量的數(shù)據(jù)資料,基本摸清了中藥資源的家底,為保護(hù)野生資源、合理開發(fā)利用、發(fā)展地方經(jīng)濟(jì)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
1 調(diào)查區(qū)域的自然概況
旬邑縣位于陜西省中部偏西,地處關(guān)中北界,陜北南限,屬渭北黃土高原最南部溝壑區(qū)。東界黃陵、耀州,西臨彬縣,南連淳化,北接甘肅正寧。處于108°08′~108°52′E,34°57′~35°33′N[1]。全縣人口29.5萬人,國土面積1 811 km2,其中林草地和耕地分別占國土面積的71%和16%,森林植被覆蓋率50%。地形為東北-西南條形,分為東北部土石山區(qū)和西南部黃土高原溝壑區(qū),山塬差異分明。地勢東北高西南低,平均海拔960~1 350 m。縣東北部的馬欄、石門山地是子午嶺伸向西南的余脈,海拔1 300~1 885 m,面積976.8 km2,占全縣總面積的54%?h西南部為黃土高原溝壑區(qū),面積834.2 km2,占全縣總面積46%。土地類型以山地、塬地為主體。土壤主要為褐土、黃綿土和黑壚土。氣候?qū)贉貛Т箨懶约撅L(fēng)氣候,溫度適中,雨熱同期。年平均氣溫塬區(qū)9.1 ℃,山區(qū)7.1 ℃;一年中1月氣溫最低,塬區(qū)-4.6 ℃,山區(qū)-6 ℃;7月氣溫最高,塬區(qū)21.5 ℃,山區(qū)20 ℃;年較差26.6 ℃;且晝夜溫差大。日照時數(shù)2 390 h,年光能總輻射量504 kJ/cm2。無霜期180 d。年均降水量606 mm。河流屬渭河水系,塬高水低,是一個少有的水系發(fā)達(dá)、河流眾多、水量大的地方。
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