[徐恭藻:商業(yè)旗艦的領(lǐng)軍人]徐恭藻

        發(fā)布時(shí)間:2020-03-11 來(lái)源: 人生感悟 點(diǎn)擊:

           “改革開放三十年,利群是受益者,我也是受益者。”   ――徐恭藻       回首改革開放的30年,青島經(jīng)歷了計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)到市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)變。尤其在談到青島市商業(yè)的變遷時(shí),我們更像是在觀看一部跌宕起伏的歷史大戲。這其中,不能不提到徐恭藻和利群集團(tuán)。從一個(gè)面積只有800余平方米的百貨店,變成年銷售額122億元、穩(wěn)居山東商業(yè)老大位置的現(xiàn)代商企集團(tuán)。徐恭藻執(zhí)掌下的利群,詮釋了青島民族商業(yè)企業(yè)的真正含義和神話誕生的原因。
          
           股份制改革
           老字號(hào)煥發(fā)新生機(jī)
          
           時(shí)光倒回33年前,19歲的徐恭藻還只是四流中路百貨店的一名營(yíng)業(yè)員。對(duì)30年前的商業(yè)環(huán)境,上了年紀(jì)的青島人都知道,百貨店里的商品全部是計(jì)劃供應(yīng),常常早上剛開門,商店就擠滿了人。而且商店受體制保護(hù),銷售淡季政府給補(bǔ)貼,效益好了利潤(rùn)也要全部上交,所以經(jīng)營(yíng)情況如何跟企業(yè)沒有太大關(guān)系。在這種情況下,1978年被調(diào)到人民路百貨商店負(fù)責(zé)采購(gòu)工作的徐恭藻,深深感受到了舊有體制與市場(chǎng)規(guī)律之間的矛盾。
           就拿進(jìn)貨來(lái)說(shuō),在80年代初期剛剛不需要憑票購(gòu)物的時(shí)候,看到了市場(chǎng)需求的徐恭藻自作主張地進(jìn)了一批黑白電視機(jī)和“半塊磚”錄音機(jī),雖然一上柜就被搶購(gòu)一空,卻把當(dāng)時(shí)的總經(jīng)理氣得夠嗆。為企業(yè)賺錢了還要挨罵,這在如今看起來(lái)荒唐,但按照當(dāng)時(shí)的價(jià)值觀,店里進(jìn)什么貨、以什么價(jià)格出售,一切都要按上級(jí)下達(dá)的指標(biāo)操作,徐恭藻擅自進(jìn)貨的行為確實(shí)有些“出格”。但也是這種魄力,讓他在1984年的全市首批試點(diǎn)企業(yè)改革中以高票推選為經(jīng)理。人民路百貨商店,在這位“膽大”經(jīng)理的帶領(lǐng)下紅火起來(lái),頓時(shí)成為了其他商店的榜樣。
          
           1988年2月,徐恭藻被調(diào)到了市百貨公司,在體改辦公室擔(dān)任科長(zhǎng),這個(gè)職務(wù)讓他在經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)軌的年代里成為了較早一批深刻領(lǐng)悟市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律的“吃螃蟹者”。這期間,青島商業(yè)也正在醞釀著一場(chǎng)脫胎換骨的改革。1988年3月,作為青島老字號(hào)的利群百貨商店成為了山東省第一家股份制改革試企業(yè)。搭上改制“頭班車”的利群在短時(shí)間內(nèi)顯現(xiàn)出非凡的活力,經(jīng)營(yíng)效益明顯提高,一時(shí)間成為青島商業(yè)的驕子。
           但是,摸著石頭過(guò)河并不等同于科學(xué)有序的發(fā)展。沒過(guò)幾年,剛剛顯露生機(jī)的利群便因?yàn)楣芾砘靵y、機(jī)制老化等各種原因,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益嚴(yán)重下滑。1992年,徐恭藻臨危受命,以市百貨公司副總經(jīng)理的身份“空降”到了利群百貨股份有限公司兼任總經(jīng)理,并很快找到了企業(yè)的“病因”:原來(lái)所謂的股份制改革只是讓利群換了塊招牌而已,但內(nèi)部機(jī)制和管理方法卻還是沿用著舊時(shí)的路子。而此時(shí),作為同批股份制改革試點(diǎn)的北京天橋百貨店已經(jīng)開始向著真正的股份制推進(jìn)了。為了“取經(jīng)”,徐恭藻帶著同事就去了北京。白天現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀摩,晚上在小旅館里徹夜研究股改書籍;貋(lái)后,他以法律為依據(jù),按照《公司法》的規(guī)范運(yùn)作,在利群建立起了真正意義上的監(jiān)事會(huì)、董事會(huì),嚴(yán)格按股份制的法律章程辦事。
           經(jīng)過(guò)一系列改進(jìn)的利群百貨商店又開始顯現(xiàn)出勃勃生機(jī)。在徐恭藻到利群的1992年當(dāng)年,利群的年銷售
          額就創(chuàng)造當(dāng)時(shí)的歷史最高水平,達(dá)到4600萬(wàn)元。
          
          建設(shè)利群商廈
          崛起臺(tái)東新商圈
          
           1994年的青島,除了中山路附近的國(guó)貨、東方、華聯(lián)幾座商業(yè)大廈,其它地方就沒有大型的商業(yè)設(shè)施,尤其臺(tái)東一片,幾乎全是平房。在這里建起一座現(xiàn)代化的商業(yè)大廈,一直是徐恭藻的夢(mèng)想。機(jī)遇總是青睞有備之士的,此后不久,臺(tái)東有一個(gè)商業(yè)項(xiàng)目待建,卻因資金需求量太大無(wú)人敢于問津。利群得知消息后立即出擊,經(jīng)過(guò)艱難的談判,終于以總投資2億元和半個(gè)月付定金700萬(wàn)元等條件拿下了項(xiàng)目!袄荷虖B”成為1993年青島市14項(xiàng)重點(diǎn)工程之一。
           然而,擺在徐恭藻和利群人面前的絕非坦途。在國(guó)家不投資,銀行不貸款的情況下,光是建設(shè)商廈所需的巨額資金就很難解決。幾經(jīng)輾轉(zhuǎn)之后,一家工行信托投資公司答應(yīng)給利群貸款700萬(wàn)元的定金。但在將定金支票交付后,利群商廈的建設(shè)仍然面臨大量的資金缺口,此時(shí),對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革方向具有敏銳思考的徐恭藻向市政府提出了一個(gè)大膽的申請(qǐng):發(fā)行1000萬(wàn)元三年期高利率建設(shè)債券,使1000萬(wàn)元資金順利到位。1992年12月2日,市經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)了利群增資擴(kuò)股、向社會(huì)定期募集股份的申請(qǐng),利群也由此成為青島市改革新時(shí)期第一家向社會(huì)發(fā)行股票的企業(yè)。在籌集到4600萬(wàn),又爭(zhēng)取到青島市第一筆也是山東省第一筆銀團(tuán)貸款9000萬(wàn)后,1994年11月5日,曾經(jīng)陳舊簡(jiǎn)陋的臺(tái)東三路商業(yè)街上矗立起了一座現(xiàn)代化商廈――利群商廈正式對(duì)外營(yíng)業(yè),這不僅完成了徐恭藻多年的夢(mèng)想,也實(shí)現(xiàn)了青島市商業(yè)圈擴(kuò)張的一次歷史性跨越。從此,歷經(jīng)歲月滄桑的臺(tái)東三路因利群商廈而重現(xiàn)青春,再次成為青島零售商業(yè)的一個(gè)重要集群地帶,利群商廈則當(dāng)之無(wú)愧地成為臺(tái)東商圈的靈魂。
          
          穩(wěn)步擴(kuò)張
          打造商業(yè)新版圖
          
           除了社會(huì)環(huán)境的影響,企業(yè)的命運(yùn)也往往因?yàn)轭I(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的決策而改變。從一次次與舊體制發(fā)生碰撞,求真務(wù)實(shí)搞改革的徐恭藻身上,我們看到:利群之所以有今天,也是一步步與舊體制決裂,一步步向新體制靠攏的過(guò)程。
           在利群商廈成為臺(tái)東商圈的支柱后,走規(guī)模擴(kuò)張之路的規(guī)劃開始納入徐恭藻的戰(zhàn)略決策。1997年的青島開發(fā)區(qū)幾乎還沒有什么商業(yè)設(shè)施,慧眼獨(dú)具的徐恭藻果斷地做了一個(gè)拓荒者,在這里興建利群長(zhǎng)江商廈,由此成為青島市首家以自主經(jīng)營(yíng)的方式走出老市區(qū),到“異地”建商場(chǎng)的商業(yè)零售企業(yè)。誰(shuí)都沒有想到,當(dāng)時(shí)只有一層的長(zhǎng)江商廈在開業(yè)當(dāng)天的銷售額就達(dá)到了30多萬(wàn)元。利群的理性擴(kuò)張之路由此啟程。接下來(lái)的1998年,徐恭藻又帶領(lǐng)利群收購(gòu)了膠南百貨大樓。幾年后,這座原本資不抵債的商廈成為膠南商業(yè)的龍頭企業(yè)。1999年底,利群即墨商廈開業(yè),在不到兩個(gè)月的時(shí)間里就完成銷售2300萬(wàn)元,實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤(rùn)130萬(wàn)元,取得了前所未有的“開門紅”。利群的商廈開一處火一處,商界人士不得不佩服徐恭藻的果敢、敏銳與前瞻性思維。2000年8月22日,利群集團(tuán)的二級(jí)擴(kuò)張店――長(zhǎng)江商廈金海岸商場(chǎng)開業(yè),開始開發(fā)新的階梯式利潤(rùn)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn);2002年8月24日,利群集團(tuán)在威海市的第一家2萬(wàn)余平方米的商廈開業(yè),首次在青島區(qū)域以外的地級(jí)市建立網(wǎng)點(diǎn),拉開了利群挺進(jìn)地級(jí)市的序幕;2007年1月28日,利群前海購(gòu)物廣場(chǎng)開業(yè),利群在青島市區(qū)已開業(yè)5座萬(wàn)米商廈……
           今天,我們回顧徐恭藻和利群一路走來(lái)的點(diǎn)滴,實(shí)際上也是在翻看青島商業(yè)30年的歷程縮影。從“大集體”、“二國(guó)營(yíng)”出身的利群,第一撥進(jìn)行了股份制改革,再加上帶頭人徐恭藻超前開放的思想,較早地從計(jì)劃體制中脫離出來(lái),就這樣“摸著石頭”趟過(guò)了市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的一個(gè)個(gè)激流險(xiǎn)灘。在徐恭藻的記憶里,1998年隨著佳世客的進(jìn)入,青島商業(yè)翻開了嶄新的一頁(yè),原先國(guó)有萬(wàn)米商廈輝煌的時(shí)代一去不返。
          
          “巨鱷”登陸
          “與狼共舞”新時(shí)代
          
           1998年1月18日,是青島商圈難忘的日子。那一天,青島首家外資零售企業(yè)――東泰佳世客正式開業(yè),第一次把在國(guó)際上流行的購(gòu)物中心業(yè)態(tài)帶進(jìn)了青島。緊接著,家樂福青島明達(dá)店開業(yè)。隨后,實(shí)力雄厚的跨國(guó)零售企業(yè)――家樂福、麥德龍、沃爾瑪?shù)认嗬^登陸島城。面對(duì)實(shí)力雄厚的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,利群是否會(huì)敗下陣來(lái)?利群人和關(guān)心利群的人都為此提膽懸心。
           “知彼知己,百戰(zhàn)不殆”,就在媒體高呼著“狼來(lái)了”,內(nèi)資企業(yè)一片震撼中,徐恭藻并沒有驚慌。相反,他把與全球零售業(yè)“巨鱷”們的狹路相逢當(dāng)做了在家門口學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì),將集團(tuán)的員工紛紛派去佳世客、家樂福觀察學(xué)習(xí),研究對(duì)方的商場(chǎng)布局、商品結(jié)構(gòu)、促銷方式等各個(gè)方面和環(huán)節(jié),回來(lái)后活學(xué)活用。在這種從上而下的學(xué)習(xí)心態(tài)中,精明的利群人不僅很快摸準(zhǔn)了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的牌路,而且率先為本土化商業(yè)尋找到了克敵制勝的法寶。他們針對(duì)對(duì)手與供貨商兩個(gè)月才結(jié)算一次貨款的“國(guó)際慣例”,將貸款結(jié)算周期縮短到了一個(gè)月。這種加快供貨商資金周轉(zhuǎn)的策略讓更多的供貨商紛紛“倒戈”轉(zhuǎn)向利群,讓利群不僅貨源有了保障,而且在價(jià)格上也具備了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。在一次次“與狼共舞”的商戰(zhàn)中,青島的內(nèi)資商業(yè)也開始分化。善于學(xué)習(xí)的生存了下來(lái),不以為然的則漸漸被淘汰掉了。十多年前與利群同時(shí)代的那些現(xiàn)代化商場(chǎng),很多已風(fēng)光不再,但徐恭藻領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的利群,卻在不斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)過(guò)程中發(fā)展地越來(lái)越快,贏得了一場(chǎng)又一場(chǎng)的勝利。
           “如果要更深層次地思考青島商業(yè),尤其是近十年間的變化,應(yīng)該說(shuō)我們?cè)谂c外資競(jìng)爭(zhēng),向外資學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中,找到了具有中國(guó)熱色的現(xiàn)代商業(yè)模式!边@是徐恭藻執(zhí)掌利群多年的感悟。佳世客、家樂福等外資企業(yè)在青島的共生雙贏,也給利群和其他的青島內(nèi)資企業(yè)上了一堂生動(dòng)的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)課,糾正了原先中山路上本土商場(chǎng)間猛打價(jià)格戰(zhàn),誓要拚個(gè)你死我活才罷休的“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”誤讀。作為青島市商業(yè)的船隊(duì)旗艦,徐恭藻帶領(lǐng)利群摸索出了適合于本地人消費(fèi)的商業(yè)業(yè)態(tài),將傳統(tǒng)百貨與現(xiàn)代的大賣場(chǎng)進(jìn)行嫁接,再通過(guò)信息化改造,形成了自己的現(xiàn)代商業(yè)。
          
           “改革開放三十年,利群是受益者,我也是受益者!毙旃г逭f(shuō)道。借助改革開放三十年的大好時(shí)機(jī),他將這個(gè)成立于1933年的老字號(hào),從小小的百貨商店變成了今天以商業(yè)零售連鎖為主,商業(yè)物流、房地產(chǎn)、酒店連鎖、藥店連鎖五種業(yè)態(tài)于一體的現(xiàn)代商企集團(tuán)。徐恭藻,用自己的經(jīng)歷詮釋了現(xiàn)代化商業(yè)企業(yè)的真正含義。
          
           In retrospect of Chin"s 30 years of reform and opening-up, a number of department stores have undergone different development courses. Among them, Xu Gongzao and the Liqun Group he heads should be mentioned.
           Thirty-three years ago, at the age of 19, Xu Gongzao was a salesman of the department store located at Siliu Middle Road. In 1978, he was transferred to the department store located at Renmin Road to engage in the purchasing work. At that time, he deeply felt the conflict between the outdated mechanism and the market law. In 1984, when reform was launched among the first batch of experimental enterprises throughout the city, Xu Gongzao was democratically elected as manager with an overwhelming majority of votes. Subsequently, the economic returns of the department store he headed increased by a great margin, thus becoming a model for its counterparts.
          Shareholding System Reform Made the Old Branded Department Store Resume Vitality
           In 1988, a reform was planned to be launched among the commercial trade in Qingdao. In March, Liqun Department Store became the first enterprise in Shandong Province to try the reformed shareholding system . In 1992, Xu Gongzao was transferred to Liqun Department Store Co., Ltd. to act as the General Manager. According to the Corporation Law, he established the Supervision Board and Board of Directors and operated the company by the laws concerning shareholding companies. In that very year, the sales income of Liqun hit 46 million yuan, which was the highest on record.
          Building a New Commercial Circle through Construction Liqun Shopping Mall
           Xu Gongzao had always wished to construct a modern shopping mall in Taidong. Finally, with total investment of 200 million yuan, Liqun Department Store Co., Ltd. set up the first project in Taidong, which was one of Qingdao"s 14 key engineering projects in 1993. With 46 million yuan of independently raised funds and 90 million yuan of loan from the banks, on November 5, 1994, the construction of Liqun Shopping Mall was completed at Taidong San Road. Since then, Taidong San Road has developed into an important area assembling the retailing stores in Qingdao and Liqun Shopping Mall has become the soul of the commercial circle in Taidong.
          Building A New Commercial Layout through Steady Expansion
           Scale expansion is the new strategic planning of Xu Gongzao. On April 30, 1997, the Changjiang Shopping Mall run by Liqun Department Store Co., Ltd. opened for business at Qingdao Economic and Technological Development Zone. In 1998, Liqun Department Store Co., Ltd. purchased Jiaonan Department Store. At the end of 1999, Liqun Jimo Shopping Mall opened for business. Subsequently, Liqun Shopping Plazas in Weihai and Qingdao opened"
          Competing with Foreign-funded Enterprises
           On January 18, 1998, Qingdao Dongtai Jusco Shopping Center was opened for business. For the first time, the international fashionable shopping style was introduced in Qingdao, which made the commercial circle amazed. In the subsequent years, other transnational retailing giants such as Carrefour, METRO and Wal-Mart came one by one to Qingdao. While the news media was afraid of the overwhelming development of the foreign-funded supermarkets, Xu Gongzao regarded the encounter with the global retailing giants as a good opportunity to learn from them. He not only rapidly understood the weapons for success of his rivals, but also found the weapons to beat the in the competition.
           Xu Gongzao said: "Following serious consideration of Qingdao"s commercial changes over the past ten years, in the course of competition and studies, we have devised a modern commercial mode with some special Chinese characteristics." Today, a win-win situation has been formed among the Chinese-funded and foreign-funded enterprises of the commercial trade in Qingdao. The Chinese-funded business represented by Liqun is developing faster and faster. As a result, the distance between them and the foreign-funded enterprises is getting shorter and shorter. From a department store, Liqun has been turned into a modern commercial group integrating the main business of franchised retailing stores, commercial logistics, real estate, franchised hotels, and franchised drug stores. Building on its own experience, Linqun has interpreted the true meaning of modern commercial enterprise.

        相關(guān)熱詞搜索:旗艦 軍人 商業(yè) 徐恭藻:商業(yè)旗艦的領(lǐng)軍人 徐恭藻 商界王者徐恭藻

        版權(quán)所有 蒲公英文摘 www.zuancaijixie.com
        91啦在线播放,特级一级全黄毛片免费,国产中文一区,亚洲国产一成人久久精品