金色布料_金色布拉格

　　布拉格位于歐洲中部的波希米亞平原上,跨拉貝河支流伏爾塔瓦河兩岸。傳說捷克的第一位女領(lǐng)主里普謝公主站在伏爾塔瓦河西岸懸崖上,遙望森林密布的對岸,說要在那里建一座與星辰同輝的城市。果然布拉格依山傍水,是世界上最漂亮的城市之一,尤其是深秋時節(jié),全城為金黃色樹葉所覆蓋,因而被譽為“金色布拉格”。
　　一眼望去,這個原名為“波希米亞”的美麗城市到處是尖塔聳立,建筑物密集而不雜亂,色彩華麗,造型繁復(fù)。它另有一個“百塔之城”的美名,實非虛傳。
　　歷史上此城曾是奧匈帝國的一部分,素有“中世紀寶石”之稱,第一次世界大戰(zhàn)時,當?shù)厥剀姴粦?zhàn)而降,得以保存此城,免于戰(zhàn)火之洗禮。由于這一“投降”之抉擇處理得宜,今日來自世界各國的觀光客才能了解建筑史上的許多名詞:羅馬式、歌德式、文藝復(fù)興式、巴洛克式、洛可可式。因為1000多年來幾乎西方所有建筑形式都保存在這里,所以布拉格城內(nèi)一步一景,均具有歷史故事和浪漫的美感,整座城市猶如一部活的歷史書、一座活的建筑博物館。
　　布拉格分老城區(qū)、新城區(qū)、城堡區(qū)、小城區(qū)4部分。市內(nèi)羅馬式、哥特式、文藝復(fù)興式、巴羅克式建筑鱗次櫛比,國家重點保護的歷史文物即達2000多處。許多古建筑上高塔攢聚。宏偉壯觀的圣維特教堂、金碧輝煌的布拉格宮、藝術(shù)杰作查理大橋、古老悠久的查理大學(xué)⋯⋯代表了布拉格輝煌的歷史,也使游客樂不思蜀。
　　老城區(qū)從18世紀起就沒怎么變化過。伏爾塔瓦河彎包裹了大部分古城。城堡高高聳立在河的西岸,俯視著整個城市。城堡里有一座高高的尖塔,非常顯眼,塔身上繪滿了美麗的圖案。老城很小,大約15分鐘就可以走遍,但是的確非常有味道。老建筑互相依偎著,每幢房子都有自己的顏色,組合在一起就像童話世界里的小鎮(zhèn)般嫵媚。
　　古樸典雅的布拉格城堡雄踞于市中心一座山岡之上,自公元10世紀起,經(jīng)過幾百年擴建而成。由圣維特大教堂及眾多宮殿組成的建筑群,高低錯落,氣象萬千。遠望城堡,乳黃色的樓房,鐵灰色的教堂,淡綠色的鐘樓,白色的尖頂,構(gòu)成一幅美麗的圖畫。
　　城堡建于9世紀,是波希米亞皇帝的官邸。自1918年捷克斯洛伐克共和國成立以來,歷屆的總統(tǒng)辦公室均設(shè)在城堡內(nèi),故又稱“總統(tǒng)府”�，F(xiàn)仍為捷克共和國總統(tǒng)府所在地。
　　這里有羅馬式、哥特式、巴洛克式、文藝復(fù)興式等各個歷史時代風(fēng)格的建筑。城堡內(nèi)有教堂、王宮、畫廊、大廳、噴泉、塑像等各種著名建筑。
　　圣維特教堂是建筑群的核心。教堂始建于1344年,是城堡的最高建筑物。教堂頂尖高達97米,長60米,寬12米,遠望巍然拔地而起,塔尖高觸蒼穹;近處細看教堂大廳結(jié)構(gòu)精巧,內(nèi)外都有塑像和花紋。教堂里收藏著捷克國王從14世紀以來沿用的王冠和權(quán)杖;陳列著國王的塑像和畫像,懸掛著許多油畫和木刻畫,每幅畫都描繪一個有趣的宗教故事。教堂外表布滿花紋圖案,刻工細膩,精巧玲瓏,數(shù)不清的石雕人獸,造型美妙,千姿百態(tài),栩栩如生。
　　查理大橋橫跨伏爾塔瓦河,是捷克最古老的一座石橋,始建12世紀,1357年查理四世改建后用現(xiàn)名。橋面為磚石所砌,橋的兩端聳立著哥特式門樓。更為珍貴的是橋兩側(cè)石欄桿上有30座雕像,有的是女神,有的是武士,有的人面獸身,有的獸面人身,是捷克早期巴羅克藝術(shù)大師們的作品。查理大橋不僅具有歷史價值,而且極富藝術(shù)價值,是布拉格最有名的名勝。
　　布拉格民族劇院位于伏爾塔瓦河?xùn)|岸,是捷克民族藝術(shù)的發(fā)源地。這座文藝復(fù)興式建筑氣勢雄偉壯觀。它的金色方頂閃閃發(fā)光。方頂四周的雕刻出自名家之手。正門的青銅鑄像“勝利女神”駕馭著駿馬凌空飛馳,其建筑、雕刻和繪畫藝術(shù)是捷克古典藝術(shù)的結(jié)晶。
　　布拉格古鐘安放在老市政廳鐘樓上,它不僅是計時工具,而且是一件珍貴的古代藝術(shù)品。鐘盤右側(cè)是白骷髏死神和懷抱古琴的樂神,左側(cè)是對著銅鏡自我欣賞的虛榮之神和抓住錢袋不放的吝嗇鬼。
　　布拉格也是歐洲的文化重鎮(zhèn)之一,歷史上曾有音樂、文學(xué)等諸多領(lǐng)域眾多杰出人物,如作曲家莫扎特、斯美塔那、德沃夏克,作家弗蘭茲?卡夫卡、哈維爾、米蘭?昆德拉等人在該城進行創(chuàng)作活動。今天這里仍保持了濃郁的文化氣氛,擁有眾多的歌劇院、音樂廳、博物館、美術(shù)館、圖書館、電影院等文化機構(gòu),以及層出不窮的文化活動。
　　
　　Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated on the Vltava River in central Bohemia, Prague has been the political, cultural and economic centre of the Czech state for more than 1100 years. For many decades during the Gothic and Renaissance eras, Prague was the permanent seat of two Holy Roman Emperors and thus was also the capital of the Holy Roman Empire.
　　Since 1992, the extensive historic centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites, making the city one of the most popular tourist destinations in Europe, receiving more than 4.1 million international visitors annually, as of 2009.
　　Since the fall of the Iron Curtain, Prague has become one of Europe"s (and the world"s) most popular tourist destinations. It is the sixth most-visited European city after London, Paris, Rome, Madrid and Berlin. Prague suffered considerably less damage during World War II than some other major cities in the region, allowing most of its historic architecture to stay true to form. It contains one of the world"s most pristine and varied collections of architecture, from Art Nouveau to Baroque, Renaissance, Cubist, Gothic, Neo-Classical and ultra-modern. Some popular sights include, the Old Town with its Old Town Square, the Astronomical Clock (Orloj) on Old Town Square, the picturesque Charles Bridge (Karlův Most), the vaulted Gothic Old New Synagogue of 1270, the New Town with its busy and historic Wenceslas Square, Malá Strana (Lesser Quarter) with its Infant Jesus of Prague, Prague Castle with its St. Vitus Cathedral, and so forth.
　　There are hundreds of concert halls, galleries, cinemas and music clubs in the city. Prague hosts Music Festivals including the Prague Spring International Music Festival, the Prague Autumn International Music Festival and the Prague International Organ Festival. Film festivals include the Febiofest, the One World and Echoes of the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. Prague also hosts the Prague Writers" Festival, the Summer Shakespeare Festival [20], the Prague Fringe Festival, the World Roma Festival as well as hundreds of Vernissages and fashion shows.
　　Many films have been made at the Barrandov Studios. Hollywood movies set in Prague include Mission Impossible and Blade II and xXx. Other Czech films shot in Prague include Empties and The Fifth Horseman is Fear. Also, the music video to "Diamonds from Sierra Leone" by Kanye West was shot in Prague, and features shots of the Charles Bridge and the Astronomical Clock, among other famous landmarks. Prague was also the setting for the film "Dungeons and Dragons" in 2000.
　　Prague sites many buildings by renowned architects, including Adolf Loos (Villa Müller), Frank O. Gehry (Dancing House), or Jean Nouvel (Golden Angel).
　　

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