適期早栽和追肥前移對烤煙產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響

　　摘 要：為研究移栽時期和追肥時期對烤煙產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響，以移栽時期、追肥時期二因素進行裂區(qū)試驗，研究了不同處理對烤煙生長發(fā)育、烤后煙葉內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分協(xié)調(diào)性、烤后煙葉物理特性和經(jīng)濟性狀等方面的影響。結(jié)果表明：隨著移栽期的推遲，大田生育期逐漸縮短。隨著追肥時間的提前，各處理生育期相應(yīng)縮短；適期早栽和追肥前移對烤煙品質(zhì)的提高有積極影響，煙葉的物理性狀以提前10 d膜下井窖式深栽+移栽之后30 d內(nèi)完成氮素追肥和提前10 d膜下井窖式深栽+移栽之后25 d內(nèi)完成氮素追肥最適宜；各處理產(chǎn)量差異不大，產(chǎn)值、均價、上等煙和中上等煙比例均隨著移栽時期和追肥時期的提前而增大，提前10 d膜下井窖式深栽+移栽之后30 d內(nèi)完成氮素追肥的栽培組合最適宜當?shù)氐目緹熒�產(chǎn)。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：烤煙；移栽時期；追肥時期；產(chǎn)質(zhì)量
　　中圖分類號：S572 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2016）10-0032-05
　　Abstract：In order to study the effect of transplanting period and topdressing stage on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco， the two factors of transplanting date， dressing period carried on the split plot experiment， the effects of different treatments on the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco， the coordination of chemical components in flue-cured tobacco leaf， and the physical and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that the growth period was shortened with the delay of transplanting date. Topdressing earlier， the growth and development stages shorten accordingly； proper early planting and topdressing in advance had positive effect on the improvement of the quality of flue-cured tobacco， the optimum physical properties of tobacco leaf under the pattern of transplanting deeply by well cellar type 10 days in advance and completed nitrogen fertilizer topdressing within 30 days after transplanting， and transplanting deeply by well cellar type 10 days in advance and completed nitrogen fertilizer topdressing within 25 days after transplanting； the yield difference was not obvious among the treatments， the output value， average price， proportion of superior tobacco leaves and secondary superior tobacco leaves were increased with the advance of transplanting time and fertilizer topdressing time， the pattern of transplanting deeply by well cellar type 10 days in advance and completed nitrogen fertilizer topdressing within 30 days after transplanting was the most suitable cultivation combination for local flue-cured tobacco production.
　　Key words： flue-cured tobacco； transplanting period； topdressing period； yield and quality
　　延長作物大田生長期的有效途徑是“前拉后推”，即提前移栽和推遲成熟。但在湖南煙區(qū)，尤其是煙-稻連作區(qū)，因受后茬水稻茬口銜接的限制和生育后期高溫逼熟的影響，烤煙成熟期不能太遲[1]，因此需在提前移栽方面挖掘潛力。適宜的移栽期，關(guān)系著烤煙大田的生長發(fā)育狀況以及煙葉的外觀表現(xiàn)和內(nèi)在品質(zhì)的形成[2-4]。在培育壯苗的基礎(chǔ)上，適度提前移栽，配合以良好的保溫措施和抗逆調(diào)控技術(shù)，確保煙苗早發(fā)，以延長大田有效生長期。施肥量影響煙草的生長發(fā)育，追肥時間的早晚對煙草的生長發(fā)育及產(chǎn)、質(zhì)量都具有不同程度的影響[5-6]。適宜的施肥時期能促進煙株營養(yǎng)的合理分配，提高煙葉質(zhì)量�？茖W(xué)合理的追肥時期和基追肥比例對烤煙煙葉優(yōu)質(zhì)適產(chǎn)具有重大意義[7]。要確�？緹熀笃诿摰�，可從減少施氮量和“氮肥前移”等途徑來實現(xiàn)[8]。前人大多分別研究移栽時期對烤煙產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響和追肥時期對烤煙產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響[9-12]，有關(guān)移栽時期和追肥時期對烤煙的交互效應(yīng)還缺乏全面系統(tǒng)的研究，故試驗以移栽時期、追肥時期二因素，采用田間試驗方法，通過比較和分析不同處理下烤煙品種湘煙3號的產(chǎn)量產(chǎn)值、物理指標及烤后煙葉內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分等方面的差異及其交互效應(yīng)，最終篩選出最優(yōu)的組合，以期為優(yōu)質(zhì)烤煙的生產(chǎn)提供科學(xué)的依據(jù)與技術(shù)指導(dǎo)。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：追肥 烤煙 前移 質(zhì)量 影響