打除不適用鮮煙葉對(duì)烤煙農(nóng)藝性狀和病害的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-25 來源: 日記大全 點(diǎn)擊:
摘要:通過打除烤煙田間不適用鮮煙葉,研究3種田間打葉方式對(duì)烤煙農(nóng)藝性狀和病害的影響。結(jié)果表明,與對(duì)照相比,打掉底部2片葉、頂部2片葉,可以促進(jìn)留存葉片的生長(zhǎng),增加葉片長(zhǎng)度和寬度;打葉處理減輕了病害的發(fā)生,赤星病、青枯病、黑脛病的發(fā)病率和病情指數(shù)都有所下降。建議生產(chǎn)上在煙株打頂后適時(shí)打掉底部2片葉,以促進(jìn)葉片開展,減少病害危害。
關(guān)鍵詞:烤煙(Nicotiana tabacum L.);不適用鮮煙葉;打葉;農(nóng)藝性狀;病害
中圖分類號(hào):S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):0439-8114(2017)05-0897-03
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.05.026
Effects of Removing Unusable Fresh Leaves on Agronomic Characteristics and Diseases of Flue-cured Tobacco
LIN Rui-feng1,LIU Li1,JIA Chun-lei2,YE Wei-min1,ZHANG Yong-hua3,ZHANG Jian-kui2
。1.China Tobacco Gnangdong Industrial Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510145, China; 2.Tobacco Science Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400710, China; 3.Pengshui Branch of Chongqing Tobacco Company, Chongqing 409600, China)
Abstract: By removing unusable fresh tobacco leaves, the effects of three kinds of removing leaf methods on agronomic characteristics and diseases of flue-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that, compared with the contrast, when removing the bottom two leaves and the top two leaves, the growth of the other retained leaves were promoted, and the length and width of the retained leaves were all greater than that of the contrast. The results also showed that removing unusable fresh leaves could reduce the occurrence of the disease. The disease incidence and disease index of tobacco brown spot, granville wilt and black shank disease all decreased. It was suggested that removing two bottom leaves was practical to increase the leaves growth and reduce disease hazards.
Key words:flue-cured tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.); unusable fresh leaves; removing leaf; agronomic characteristic; disease
隨著卷煙上水平戰(zhàn)略的深入推進(jìn)和“532”、“461”大品牌的迅速發(fā)展,卷煙結(jié)構(gòu)快速提升與卷煙原料的結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾日益凸顯[1],國(guó)家煙草專賣局提出了優(yōu)化煙葉等級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu),提高優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉供給能力的重大決策,而田間消化不適用鮮煙葉則是其中的關(guān)鍵[2]。通過平衡施肥、加強(qiáng)田間管理以及合理控制留葉數(shù),可以提高煙株群體和個(gè)體生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育均衡一致性,在一定程度上調(diào)控葉片的大小、厚度、質(zhì)量和煙堿含量等,優(yōu)化煙葉等級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu),提高煙葉品質(zhì)[3]。而田間打葉處理對(duì)煙葉生長(zhǎng)期間影響的研究并不多見,為此,本試驗(yàn)研究了不同田間打葉處理對(duì)煙株農(nóng)藝性狀和病害發(fā)生的影響,以期為制定合理的田間打葉方式、優(yōu)化煙葉結(jié)構(gòu)提供參考。
1 材料與方法
1.1 參試品種
參試烤煙品種為云煙97。
1.2 試驗(yàn)處理
試驗(yàn)于2013年和2014年連續(xù)兩年在重慶市彭水縣潤(rùn)溪鄉(xiāng)白果坪村進(jìn)行。共設(shè)置3個(gè)田間打葉處理,處理A(對(duì)照):按照目前煙農(nóng)的常規(guī)生產(chǎn)方式進(jìn)行,即在中耕培土?xí)r打掉奶腳葉;常規(guī)打頂;常規(guī)采收烘烤。處理B:在中耕培土?xí)r打掉奶腳葉;在打頂時(shí)打掉最下面的2片下部葉;常規(guī)采收烘烤。處理C:在中耕培土?xí)r打掉奶腳葉;在打頂時(shí)打掉最下面的2片下部葉;打頂后20 d打掉最上部的2片頂葉;常規(guī)采收烘烤。
1.3 指標(biāo)測(cè)定
在圓頂期(打頂后15 d)對(duì)煙草的農(nóng)藝性狀和病害進(jìn)行調(diào)查,方法分別參照YC/T 142-2010[4]和YC/T 39-1996[5]進(jìn)行。
1.4 數(shù)據(jù)分析
試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)采用Excel 2003和DPSV7.05軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。
2 結(jié)果與分析
2.1 不同田間打葉方式對(duì)云煙97農(nóng)藝性狀的影響
2.1.1 不同田間打葉方式對(duì)云煙97葉片長(zhǎng)和寬的影響 從表1可以看出,2013年3個(gè)處理下部最大葉葉長(zhǎng)分別為69.1、69.3、69.8 cm,最大葉葉寬分別為31.3、33.9、32.0 cm。2014年3個(gè)處理下部最大葉葉長(zhǎng)分別為69.6、72.7、74.9 cm,最大葉葉寬分別為29.6、33.4、30.5 cm。比較發(fā)現(xiàn),2014年下部最大葉葉長(zhǎng)和葉寬變化幅度較2013年大。同一年度處理間下部最大葉葉長(zhǎng)和葉寬差異均未達(dá)顯著水平。
相關(guān)熱詞搜索:農(nóng)藝 烤煙 病害 性狀 煙葉
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