煙葉及土壤中砜嘧磺隆農(nóng)藥殘留及消解動態(tài)研究

　　摘要[目的]研究砜嘧磺隆在煙草上使用后的殘留行為及環(huán)境安全性。[方法]建立了利用HPLC-MS/MS技術檢測煙葉及土壤中砜嘧磺隆殘留量的方法。樣品經(jīng)過乙腈提取，N-丙基乙二胺（PSA）吸附劑凈化，高效液相色譜-串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜檢測，外標法定量。采用所建檢測方法測定了GAP試驗獲得的煙草和土壤中砜嘧磺隆殘留。[結果]在0.005～0.500 mg/kg的加標水平下，土壤和鮮煙葉中砜嘧磺隆的平均添加回收率分別為84.1%～95.8%、90.0%～94.2%，相對標準偏差分別為3.2%～6.4%、3.6%～7.3%，定量限均為0.005 mg/kg。在0.010～0.500 mg/kg的加標水平下，干煙葉中砜嘧磺隆的回收率為87.1%～90.1%，相對標準偏差為2.0%～8.9%，定量限為0.010 mg/kg。砜嘧磺隆在鮮煙葉中的原始沉積量為<0.005～0.041 mg/kg，在土壤中為<0.005～0.510 mg/kg，砜嘧磺隆在土壤中消解較快，理論半衰期為1.4～2.9 d；施藥后70 d，烤后煙葉中農(nóng)藥殘留量低于定量限。[結論]采用20%砜嘧磺隆可分散油懸浮劑防治煙草田雜草，于煙草移栽期噴霧施藥1次，制劑用藥量為90～105 g/hm2（有效成分18～21 g a.i./hm2），安全間隔期為70 d。
　　關鍵詞煙葉；土壤；砜嘧磺�。粴埩�
　　中圖分類號S481+.8文獻標識碼
　　A文章編號0517-6611（2017）23-0128-03
　　Residue and Dynamic Degradation of Rimsulfuron in Tobacco Leaf and Soil
　　XU Jinli，WANG Xiuguo，XU Guangjun et al
　　（Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS，State Tobacco Monopoly Administration，Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management，Qingdao，Shandong 266101）
　　Abstract[Objective] The aim was to study the residual behavior and dissipation of rimsulfuron in tobacco and soil.[Method] The sample collected from the field experiment were extracted by acetonitrile，and cleaned up by dispersive solid phase extraction using Npropyl ethylenediamine （PSA） as adsorbent，and detected by HPLCMS/MS.[Result] The average recoveries of rimsulfuron at the level of 0.005-0.500 mg/kg in fresh tobacco leaf and soil were 84.1%-95.8% and 90.0%-94.2%； the relative standard deviation （RSD） were 3.2%-6.4% and 3.6%-73%，respectively； and the quantitative limit （LOQ） was 0.005 mg/kg.The average recovery of rimsulfuron at the level of 0.010-0.500 mg/kg in cured tobacco leaf was 87.1%-90.1%； the RSD was 2.0%-8.9%； and the quantitative limit （LOQ） was 0.010 mg/kg.The initial deposition of rimsulfuron in fresh tobacco leaf was <0.005-0.041 mg/kg，and was <0.005-0.510 mg/kg in soil.The halflife of rimsulfuron in soil was 1.4-2.9 days，and the final residue in cured tobacco leaves was below 0.010 mg/kg after the application of rimsulfuron for 7 days.[Conclusion] It is recommended to rimsulfuron applied at the stage of transplant to prevent weeds in tobacco fields with the dose of 18-21 grammer per hectare （active ingredients）.The safe intervals is 70 days.
　　Key wordsTobacco leaf；Soil；Rimsulfuron；Residue
　　作者簡介徐金麗（1963—），女，山東青州人，實驗師，從事農(nóng)藥殘留研究。
　　收稿日期2017-06-07
　　近幾年煙葉生產(chǎn)中，隨著規(guī)模化種植程度越來越高，煙田除草成為影響煙葉生產(chǎn)的制約因素，煙苗移栽到大田時使用除草劑可以大大降低勞動強度，對煙葉生產(chǎn)效率有較大提升。砜嘧磺隆為磺酰脲類選擇性芽后除草劑，支鏈氨基酸合成抑制劑。用于防除一年生或多年生禾本科及闊葉雜草，對一年生雜草芽后早期使用尤佳[1]。但砜嘧磺隆使用后對煙葉安全性的影響鮮有報道，砜嘧磺隆在煙葉和土壤中殘留降解趨勢和采收煙葉中的殘留狀況缺少系統(tǒng)研究。

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