不同采收期老鴉瓣生物量積累及藥材品質(zhì)研究

　　[摘要]探索不同采收期老鴉瓣生物量積累及藥材品質(zhì)動(dòng)態(tài)變化規(guī)律，為確定老鴉瓣合理采收期提供依據(jù)。從蕾期至休眠期9次取樣，測(cè)定各時(shí)期生長(zhǎng)指標(biāo)、各器官生物量、鱗莖折干率、水溶性浸出物和多糖含量。結(jié)果表明，老鴉瓣植株干物質(zhì)分配比例隨著植株生長(zhǎng)中心轉(zhuǎn)移發(fā)生變化，鱗莖是干物質(zhì)分配的主要器官。全生育期植株總干物質(zhì)積累及鱗莖干物質(zhì)積累呈遞增趨勢(shì)，且果實(shí)成熟期最高。果實(shí)成熟期與枯萎期和休眠期的鱗莖生物量沒有顯著差異。鱗莖生物量積累與其他形態(tài)指標(biāo)間的關(guān)系系數(shù)隨采收期不同差異較大，蕾期、花期及果實(shí)成熟期地上部分某些形態(tài)指標(biāo)與鱗莖生物量呈負(fù)相關(guān)；在坐果期，除根外，其他形態(tài)指標(biāo)與鱗莖生物量間全為顯著（P<0.05）或極顯著（P<0.01）正相關(guān)。鱗莖折干率隨采收期的延長(zhǎng)呈上升趨勢(shì)，于休眠期達(dá)最高。水溶性浸出物在生長(zhǎng)前期含量最高，后期含量呈先降后升的趨勢(shì)，且果實(shí)成熟期含量最低。多糖含量則呈W型變化，于果實(shí)成熟期含量最低，休眠期含量最高。綜合考慮，兼顧光慈姑藥材產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)，老鴉瓣應(yīng)在枯萎期或休眠期初期采收為佳。
　　[關(guān)鍵詞]老鴉瓣；采收期；生物量；折干率；水溶性浸出物；多糖含量
　　[Abstract]The optimum harvest time of Tulipa edulis was explored based on biomass accumulation and medicinal quality evaluation. Samples were taken from bud stage （Feb 13^th） to dormancy stage （May 14^th） and the growth indexes， organs biomasses， drying rate， contents of water-soluble extract and polysaccharides were determined. The results showed that biomass distribution of T. edulis varied with growth center and the bulb gained maximum biomass allocation in the whole growth period. The total biomass accumulation and bulb biomass accumulation increased in the whole growth period and peaked in fructescence stage. No differences were observed in bulb biomass among fructescence stage， withering stage and dormancy stage. The correlation between bulb biomass allocation and other morphological indexes varied with the harvest time. Bulb dry weight biomass had negative correlation with some morphological indexes of aerial part of T. edulis at bud stage， flower stage and fructescence and had significant positive （P<0.05） or extremely significant positive correlation（P<0.01）with other morphological indexes except for root at bearing fruits stage. The drying rate of bulb of T. edulis increased with the extension of harvest time and peaked in dormancy stage. The water-soluble extract of T. edulis bulb was the highest in pre-growing-stage. The tendency of polysaccharides contents showed a W-shape variation during the harvesting period. The polysaccharides content was the lowest in fructescence stage and was the highest in dormancy stage. Considering the yield and medicinal quality of T. edulis bulb， the optimum harvest time of T. edulis is in the withering stage or early stage of dormancy.
　　[Key words]Tulipa edulis； harvest periods； biomass； dry rate； water-soluble extract； polysaccharides content
　　老鴉瓣Tulipa edulis （Miq.） Baker為百合科郁金香屬多年生草本植物^[1]。中藥材光慈姑為其去掉膜質(zhì)皮和絨毛后的干燥鱗莖，具有解毒散結(jié)、行血化瘀之功效，多用于治療痢疾、小兒痰厥，痛風(fēng)等，外治疔瘡癤腫、咽喉腫痛、蛇蟲狂犬傷等^[2]。目前也是治療多種腫瘤的常用藥，如咽喉癌、淋巴瘤、乳腺癌等^[3-4]。

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：生物量 老鴉 藥材 積累 品質(zhì)