海拔高度對茶園環(huán)境及茶葉品質(zhì)的影響

　　摘要 [目的]研究不同海拔高度對山地茶園環(huán)境和茶葉內(nèi)含成分的影響。[方法]對黃山市徽州區(qū)不同海拔高度的茶園生態(tài)環(huán)境和茶葉生化品質(zhì)（包括氨基酸、咖啡堿、茶多酚、酚氨比、茶水浸出物、葉綠素） 進行研究。[結(jié)果]茶園小氣候因子和茶葉品質(zhì)性狀在不同海拔高度的變異存在很大差異。海拔每增加100 m，年均氣溫下降0.65 ℃，降水量增加36.3 mm，相對濕度增加3.85%。茶園日光照強度曲線呈一個開口向下的拋物線變化趨勢，峰值出現(xiàn)在12：00。通過對茶葉產(chǎn)量及其構(gòu)成要素的分析表明，隨著海拔的上升，芽葉密度呈明顯的下降趨勢；產(chǎn)量最高值在海拔400 m的茶園。隨著海拔的增加，氨基酸和咖啡堿含量均增加，茶多酚和水浸出物含量均是海拔600 m的茶園最高，酚氨比與海拔呈明顯負(fù)相關(guān)。葉片中葉綠素a、葉綠素b及葉綠素總量隨海拔增加呈先上升后先下降的變化規(guī)律，在海拔達(dá)到400 m時，茶樹葉片中葉綠素a、葉綠素b含量最高分別為6.32和2.68 mg/g；而葉綠素a/b值隨著海拔增加呈下降趨勢，且下降速率隨著海拔增加而逐漸減緩。[結(jié)論]該研究可為建立復(fù)合生態(tài)茶園優(yōu)化管理技術(shù)體系提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
　　關(guān)鍵詞 海拔高度； 茶園； 生態(tài)環(huán)境； 茶葉品質(zhì)
　　中圖分類號 S571 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2014）20-06573-03
　　Effects of Different Elevations of Tea Gardens on Environment and Tea Quality
　　FANG Hongsheng et al
　　（Hongtong Tea Company， Huizhou District， Huangshan City， Huizhou， Anhui 245900）
　　Abstract [Objective] The aim was to study the effects of different elevations on tea gardens environment of mountain area and inner components of tea leaves. [Method] The ecological environment factors of tea gardens tea biochemical indicators （including amino acid， caffeine， tea polyphenol， water extract and chlorophyll） of different elevations of Huizhou District， Huangshan City were studied. [Result ]It was shown that microclimatic factors and tea quality had remarkable difference in variation at different elevations of tea garden. The altitude every increased 100 m and the average annual temperature dropped 0.65 ℃， the precipitation increased 36. 3 mm， the relative humidity increased 3.85%. Tea garden light intensity curve was a parabola with downward opening change trend， peak value appeared at 12：00. Through the analysis of the tea yield and its components， with the rise of elevation， bud and leaf density decreased； the highest yield appeared at the tea garden of elevation 400 m. With the elevation increasing， amino acids and caffeine content both increased， the content of polyphenols and water extracts were the highest at the tea garden of elevation 600 m， while the ratio of TP and FAA was significantly negative correlation with elevation. The contents of chlorophyll a， chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in leaves showed the change law of firstly rising and then decreasing with elevation raising， and when the elevation up to 400 m， the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were the highest by 6.32， 2.68 mg/g respectively； while the chlorophyll a/b value decreased with the elevation increasing， and the speed of declining slowed gradually. [Conclusion] The study provides a scientific basis for establishing the compound ecological tea garden management technology system.

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：茶園 茶葉 品質(zhì) 海拔高度 環(huán)境