水利水文術(shù)語表中英對照
發(fā)布時間:2020-09-23 來源: 入黨申請 點(diǎn)擊:
水圈 hydrosphere 水體 water body 水科學(xué) water science 水文學(xué) hydrology 陸地水文學(xué) land hydrology 應(yīng)用水文學(xué) applied hydrology 工程水文學(xué) engineering hydrology 水汽 water vapour 水文要素 hydrologic elements 積雪 snow cover 終雪 latest snow 融雪 snowmelt 冰雹 hail 截留 interception 填洼 depression detention 地面滯留 surface detention 陸面蒸發(fā) evaporation of land 水面蒸發(fā) evaporation of water surface 土壤蒸發(fā) evaporation from soil 散發(fā)(植物蒸騰)
transpiration 蒸發(fā)能力 evaporation capability 下滲(入滲)
infiltration 穩(wěn)滲 steady infiltration 下滲能力 infiltration capability 河川徑流 river runoff 降雨徑流 rainfall runoff 暴雨徑流 storm runoff 融雪徑流 snowmelt runoff 枯季徑流 dry season runoff 基流 base flow 陰塞高壓 blocking high 低空急流 low - level jet 低渦 vortex 反氣旋(高壓)
anticyclone 氣旋(低壓)
cyclone 熱帶氣旋 tropic cyclone 熱帶低壓 tropic depression 熱帶風(fēng)暴 tropic storm 強(qiáng)熱帶風(fēng)暴 severe tropic storm 氣團(tuán) air mass 鋒(鋒面)
front 氣象 meteorology 氣候區(qū)劃 climatic regionalization 氣候帶 climatic zone 小氣候 microclimate 副熱帶(亞熱帶)
subtropic zone 比濕 specific humidity 蒲福風(fēng)級 Beaufort wind scale 霜點(diǎn) frost point 霜凍 frostbite 無霜期 frost - free period 流域 watershed (basin)
閉合流域 enclosed basin 不閉合流域 non - enclosed basin 閉流區(qū)(內(nèi)流區(qū))
bling drainage area 分水線(分水嶺)
divide 流域幾何特征 basin geometric characteristics 河道復(fù)流(河道再生)
resurgence 常年河 perennial stream 間歇河 intermittent stream 懸河(地上河)
elevated stream 奪流河(斷頭河)
captured river 盈水河 gaining stream 虧水河 losing stream 暴洪河流 flashy stream 界河 boundary river 廢河道(古河道)
dead river 凹岸 concave bank 凸岸 convex bank 岸壁 land wall 水邊線(岸線)
water line 堤防 levee 河長 river length 河彎 river bend 彎曲率 tortuosity 航道 navigable channel 河段 reach 潛洲 submerged bar 水利學(xué) hydraulics 明渠水力學(xué) open channel hydraulics 水靜力學(xué) hydrostatics 水動力學(xué) hydrodynamics 明渠水流 open channel flow 恒定流 steady flow 非恒定流 unsteady flow 均勻流(等速流)
uniform flow 非均勻流(變速流)
non - uniform flow 急流 supercritical flow
平封 flat freeze - up 立封 upright freeze - up 冰蓋 ice cover 連底凍 grounded ice cover 冰丘 ice mound 封凍冰緣 ice edge of freeze- up 清溝 lead 初生清溝 primary lead 再生清溝 secondary lead 冰花路氈 sludge road felt 冰上覆雪 snow cover over ice 冰脊 ice ridge 冰縫 crack 懸冰 suspended ice cover 冰堆 ice pack 冰塞 ice jam 冰上結(jié)冰 aufeis 解凍期 break - up period 冰變色 color change of ice cover 冰上有水 accumulation of melt water 月中天 lunar transit 引潮力 tidal generation force 天文潮 astronomic tide 氣象潮 metorologic tide 潮 汐 周 期 tidal cycle 半 日 潮 semidiurnal tide 全日潮 diurnal tide 混合潮 mixed tide 大潮 spring tide 小潮 neap tide 中潮 moderate tide 太陰月 lunar day 潮期 duration of tide 漲潮歷時 duration of tidal rise 落潮歷時 duration of tidal fall 潮流 tidal current 漲潮流 flood tidal current 落潮流 ebb tidal current 憩流 slack tide 潮流速 tidal velocity 往復(fù)流 reversing current 旋轉(zhuǎn)流 rotary current 潮流期 duration of tidal current 漲潮流歷時 duration of flood current 地 下 水 流 速 velocity of groundwater flow 地下水坡度(地下水水面坡度)
hydraulic gradient of groundwater 地下水等水位線圖 water - table contour map 含水層 aquifer 含水巖系 water - content rock series 含水巖組 water - content rock formation 含水巖性 water - content rock property 含水介質(zhì) water - hearing medium 均勻介質(zhì) homogeneous medium 非均勻介質(zhì) inhomogeneous medium 含水層邊界 aquifer boundary 透水邊界 permeable boundary 隔水邊界 confining boundary 弱透水邊界 acquitted boundary 透水層 permeable bed 隔水層 confining bed 弱透水層 acquitter 水文地質(zhì)參數(shù) hydrogeological parameters 滲透系數(shù) permeability coefficient 導(dǎo)水系數(shù) ( 釋水系數(shù))
coefficient of transmissivity 貯水系數(shù) storativity 水位傳導(dǎo)系數(shù)(水力擴(kuò)散系數(shù))
coefficient of water table conductivity 壓緩流 subcritical flow 異重流 density current 臨界流 critical flow 臨界水深 critical depth 臨界流速 critical velocity 臨界流量 critical discharge 水頭 head 位置水頭(位能)
elevation head 低強(qiáng)水頭(壓能)
pressure head 流速水頭(動能)
velocity head 雷諾數(shù) Reymold number 韋伯?dāng)?shù) Weber number 水力因素 hydraulic factor 濕周 wetted perimeter 水力半徑 hydraulic radius 寬深比 width - depth ratio 落差 fall 駐波 standing wave 移動波 translation wave 河流動力學(xué) river dynamics 山洪侵蝕 torrential erosion 流域產(chǎn)沙量 watershed sediment yield 溶解性總固體 total dissolved solids 離子含量 ion concentration 離子總量 total ion concentration 離子流量 ion discharge 礦化度 mineral content 鹽度 salinity 堿度 alkalinity 酸度 acidity 電導(dǎo)率 electric conductivity 混濁度(濁度)
turbidity 總需氧量 total oxygen demand 溶解氧 dissolved oxygen 需氧量 oxygen demand 生化需氧量 biochemical oxygen demand 滑雪需氧量 chemical oxygen demand 硬度 hardness 非碳酸鹽硬度(永久硬度)
non - carbonate hardness 浮冰 floating ice 錨冰 anchor ice 封凍期 freeze - up period 封凍(封河)
freeze - up
力傳導(dǎo)系數(shù) coefficient of pressure conductivity 持水度 water - holding capacity 土壤水分常數(shù) soil moisture constants 土壤吸濕系數(shù) absorption coefficient of soil moisture 凋萎系數(shù) wilting coefficient 田間持水量 field capacity 毛管斷裂含水量 moisture content at capillary rupture 最大水分吸水量 maximum molecular moisture content 零通量面法 zero flux plane method 潛水 phreatic water 降水入滲補(bǔ)給 precipitation recharge 降水入滲補(bǔ)給系數(shù) coefficient of precipitation recharge 地表水補(bǔ)給 surface water recharge 凝結(jié)水補(bǔ)給 condensation recharge 側(cè)向補(bǔ)給 lateral recharge 越流補(bǔ)給 leakage recharge 灌溉補(bǔ)給系數(shù) irrigation recharge coefficient of groundwater 潛水蒸發(fā) phreatic water evaporation 潛水蒸發(fā)臨界深度 critical depth of phreatic water evaporation 潛水溢出量 phreatic water overflow to surface 潛水位 phreatic water level 潛水埋深 buried depth of phreatic water level 潛水含水層厚度 thickness of phreatic water aquifer 內(nèi)流湖 endorheic lake 淡水湖 fresh lake 咸水湖 salt lake 鹽湖 saline lake 季節(jié)性湖泊 seasonal lake 富營養(yǎng)湖泊 eutrophic lake 貧營養(yǎng)湖泊 poornutrient lake 湖流 lake current 梯度流 gradient current 漂流 current of friction 湖泊波漾(假湖)
lake seiche 湖泊增減水 lake wind denivellation 湖泊率 lake ratio 湖泊補(bǔ)給系數(shù) recharge coefficient of lake 湖泊換水周期 lake residence period 湖盆 lake basin 湖面高程 elevation of water level in lake 島嶼率 insulosity 湖泊分層 lake layering 正溫層 direct thermal stratification 逆溫層 inverse thermal stratification 湖泊形態(tài)參數(shù) morphometric parameter of lake 高位沼澤(貧營養(yǎng)沼澤)
main level mire 中位沼澤(中營養(yǎng)沼澤)
medium level mire 沼澤水量平衡 water balance of mire 沼澤水 mire water 沼澤蒸發(fā) mire evaporation 沼澤徑流 mire runoff 沼澤表面流 surface flow of mire 沼澤表層流 surface layer flow of mire 沼澤含水性 moisture property of mire 沼澤持水性 water retention of mire 沼澤透水性 perviousness of mire 沼澤率 mire ratio 冰川 glacier 山地冰川(山岳冰川)
mountain glacier 谷冰川 valley glacier 寬尾冰川 broad - tail glacier 冰斗冰川 cirque glacier 懸冰川 hanging glacier 貫通冰川(山麓冰川)
penetrating glacier 冰原 ice field 冰川平衡線 equilibrium line of glacier 委托觀測 entrust gauging 水文儀器 hydrologic instrument 直讀儀器 direct - reading instrument 自記儀器 automatic - recording instrument 遙測儀器 remote telemetry unit 固態(tài)存貯器 solid storage 計(jì)數(shù)器 counter 記錄器 recorder 顯示器 display unit 平均無故障工作時間 mean time between failures 相應(yīng)水位 equivalent stage 水文測站 hydrometric station 基本站 basic station 輔助站 auxiliary station 專用站 special station 水文試驗(yàn)站 hydraulic experimental station 基準(zhǔn)水文站 bench mark hydrologic station 水文氣象站 hydrometeorology station 巡測站 tour gauging station 水文站 gauging station 雨量站網(wǎng) rain gauging network 水面蒸發(fā)站網(wǎng) water surface evaporation network 水位站網(wǎng) stage gauging network 泥沙站網(wǎng) sediment gauging network 水質(zhì)站網(wǎng) water quality network 地下水觀測井網(wǎng) groundwater voservation well network 站網(wǎng)規(guī)劃 hydrologic network planning 水文分區(qū) hydrologic regionalization 站網(wǎng)布設(shè) network layout 容許最稀站網(wǎng) minimum network 設(shè)站年限 station required age 基面 datum 臨時水準(zhǔn)點(diǎn) temporary benchmark 測驗(yàn)斷面 measuring cross - section 基本水尺斷面 basic gauge cros - s section 流速儀測流斷面 current - meter measuring cross - section 浮標(biāo)測流斷面 float measuring cross - section 比降水尺斷面 slope measuring cros - s section 輔助水尺斷面 secondary gauging cros - s section 臨時測流斷面 temporary measuring cros - s section 水文纜道 hydrometric cableway 懸索纜道 suspended cableway 懸桿纜道 suspended rod cableway 機(jī)動纜道 motorized cableway 手動纜道 hand - operating cableway 循環(huán)索 loop cable 起重索 suspension cable 水文纜車 hydrometric cable car 吊船過河索 cableway for anchoring boat 纜道測驗(yàn)儀 cableway measuring device 水文測船 hydrometric boat 水文測橋 hydrometric bridge 橋測車 gauging vehicle on bridge 水文巡測車 tour gauging vehicle for hygrometry 雨量器 raingauge 承水器 raingauge receiver 量杯 measuring glass 渠積雨量器 accumulative raingauge 雨量計(jì) rainfall recorder 虹吸式雨量計(jì) siphon rainfall
recorder 翻斗式雨量計(jì) tipping - bucket rainfall recorder 長期雨量計(jì) long - term rainfall recorder 遙測雨量計(jì) telemetering rainfall recorder 測雨雷達(dá) precipitation - monitoring radar 雪量線 snow gauge 雨雪量計(jì) rain and snow recorder 蒸發(fā)量 evaporation 蒸發(fā)量觀測 evaporation observation 蒸發(fā)量折算系數(shù) reduction coefficient of evaporation 遮擋率 screen ratio 蒸發(fā)器 evaporation pan 小型蒸發(fā)器(蒸發(fā)皿)
small evaporation pan E - 601 型蒸發(fā)器 evaporation pan of type E - 601 漂浮蒸發(fā)器 floating evaporation pan 蒸發(fā)計(jì) evaporimeter 遇測蒸發(fā)計(jì) telemetering evaporimeter 鉤形水尺 hook gauge 最高水位水尺 crest stage gauge 校核水尺 check gauge 基本水尺斷面 basic gauge 輔助水尺斷面 auxiliary gauge 比降水尺斷面 slope gauge 臨時水尺 temporary gauge 水位計(jì) stage gauge 自記水位計(jì) stage recorder 浮子式水位計(jì) float - type stage recorder 壓力式水位計(jì) pressure- type stage recorder 超聲波水位計(jì) ultrasonic stage recorder 遙測水位計(jì) telemetering stage recorder 接觸試水位計(jì) contact - type stage recorder 遠(yuǎn)傳水位計(jì) telecontrol stage recorder 自記水位計(jì)臺 stage recorder installation 靜水井 stilling well 測得水深 measured depth 有效水深 effective depth 相對水深 relative depth 斷面平均水深 mean depth at a cros - s section 干繩改正 air line correction 濕繩改正 wet line correction 測點(diǎn)流速 velocity measurement 測速垂線 surface velocity 水面流速 velocity at a point 測點(diǎn)流速 maximum point velocity 最大測點(diǎn)流速 velocity -measuring vertical 垂線平均流速 mean velocity at a vertical 部分平均流速 mean velocity at a segment 斷面平均流 速 cross - section velocity distribution 浮標(biāo)流速 point velocity coefficient 中泓流速 surface velocity coefficient 流速分布 velocity distribution 流速梯度 velocity gradient 垂線流速分布 vertical velocity distribution 斷面流速 分布 cross - section velocity distribution 水面流速分布 surface velocity coefficient 順流 downstream flow 逆流 upstream flow 流速脈動 velocity pulsation 中泓流速 midstream 流向測量 flow - direction measurement 體積法 cubature 流速儀 current - meter 轉(zhuǎn)子式流速儀 rotating - element current - meter 旋杯式流速儀 cup - type current - meter 旋槳式流速儀 propeller - type current - meter 電波流速儀 electric wave current- meter 超聲波剖面流速儀 ultrasonic profile current - meter 多普勒流速儀 Doppler current -meter 參證流速儀 reference curren - t meter 流量計(jì) flow meter 文杜里水流計(jì) Venturi flow meter 畢托管 Pitot tube 流速儀檢定 current - meter calibration 檢定槽 calibration tank 檢定車 calibration carriage 水面浮標(biāo) surface float 小浮標(biāo) small float 雙浮標(biāo) double float 浮桿 float - rod 堰頂高程 elevation of weir crest 堰頂水頭 weir head 水工建筑物測流 flow measurement by hydraulic structure 閘門開啟高度 gate opening 行近河槽 approach channel 行近流速 approach velocity 堰流 weir flow 流態(tài) flow regime 自由流 free flow 淹沒流 submerged flow 半淹沒流 half - submerged flow 孔流 sluice flow 射流 jet flow 淹沒比 submergence ratio 淹沒系數(shù) submergence coefficient 流速系數(shù) velocity coefficient 流量系數(shù) discharge coefficient 稀釋法 測流 dilution method for discharge measurement 示蹤劑 tracer 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液 standard solution 背景濃度 background concentration solution 稀釋比 dilution ratio 推 移 質(zhì) 輸 沙 率測 驗(yàn) bed load discharge measurement 器策法 sampling method 坑測法 pit method 沙波法 dune tracking method 床沙測驗(yàn) bed material measurement 照相法 photographic method 打印法 stamp pad method 床沙采樣器 bed material sampler 懸移質(zhì)采樣器 suspended sediment sampler 瞬時式采樣器 instantaneous sampler 積時式采樣器 time - integrating sampler 瓶式采樣器 bottled sampler 皮囊式采樣器 collapsible sample 泵式采樣器 pumping sampler 調(diào)壓式采樣器 pressure adjustable sampler 同位素測沙儀 radioisotope sediment concentration meter 光電測沙儀 photoelectric sediment concentration meter 振動式測沙儀 vibrational sediment concentration meter 推移質(zhì)采樣器 bed load sampler 網(wǎng)式采樣器 basket - type sampler 吸管 pipet 光電顆分儀 photoelectric particle size meter 比重計(jì)(密度計(jì))
hydrometer 泥沙沉降 sediment
settling 沉降速度 settling velocity 平均沉速 mean settling velocity 絮凝 flocculation 反凝劑 defloeculant 粒徑 particle diameter 中數(shù)粒徑 median particle diameter 平均粒徑 mean particle diameter 等容粒徑 nominal diameter 投影粒徑 projected diameter 三軸平均粒徑 triaxial mean particle diameter 幾何平均粒徑 geometric mean particle diameter 篩析粒徑 sieve diameter 沉降粒徑 settling diameter 粒徑組 fraction of particle size 顆粒級配 grain - size distribution 顆粒級配曲線 grain - size distribution curve 單樣顆粒級配 index sample grain - size distribution 垂線平均顆粒級配 mean grain - size distribution in a vertical 對照斷面 check cross - section 控制斷面 control cross - section 消減斷面 attenuation cross- section 水樣保存 water - sample preservation 檢出率 detected ratio 超標(biāo)率 over - limit ratio 痕跡量 trace 未檢出 nonreadout 回收率 recovery ratio 溶解氣體采樣器 dissolved gases sampler 冰情觀測 ice - regime observation 固定點(diǎn)冰厚測址 fixed - point ice thickness measurement 冰情目測 visual observation of ice regime 冰情符號 ice code 冰情圖 ice - regime charta 初冰日期 first -ice date 封冰日期 freeze - up date 解凍日期 break - up date 終冰日期 end ice date 封凍歷時 freeze - up duration 水浸冰厚 thickness of immersed ice 敲露水面寬 open - water width 冰流量 ice discharge 等深點(diǎn)流速改正法 revised isobath - velocity method 流速過程線改正法 revised velocity - hydrograph method 有效潮差 significant tidal range 負(fù)波高 negative wave height 水庫水文測驗(yàn) hygrometry of reservoir 入庫水量 reservoir inflow 出庫水量 reservoir outflow 水庫供水 reservoir water supply 水庫棄水 surplus water released frome reservoir 水庫滲漏量 reservoir seepage volume 水庫蓄水變量 variation of reservoir storage 水庫蓄水變率 rate of reservoir storage change 壩上水位 stage behind dam 庫區(qū)水位 stage in reservoir region 水庫淤積測量 reservoir sedimentation survey 水庫淤積量 reservoir sedimentation volume 地形法 method of topographic survey 斷面法 method of cross - section survey 淤積形態(tài) morphology of reservoir deposition 淤積三角洲 sedimentation delta 淤積物密度 dry density of reservoir deposition 巖溶地區(qū)水文調(diào)查 hydrologic investigation in karst areas 實(shí)際地表集水面積 actual surface colleting area 水文實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 experimental research in hydrology 代表流域 representative basin 實(shí)驗(yàn)流域 experimental basin 相似流域 similar basin 徑流實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 experimental research in runoff 徑流場 runoff plot 人工降雨裝置 artificial rainfall device 蒸發(fā)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 experimental research in evaporation 蒸發(fā)池 evaporation tank 土壤蒸發(fā)器 soil evaporator 蒸散器 evapotranspirometer 農(nóng)田蒸發(fā)器 evaporator for agricultural land 蒸滲儀 lysimeter 地下水均衡場 groundwater balance plot 合理性檢查 rational examination 電算整編 processing by computer 水文年鑒 water year - book 測站考證 station examination 站年 station year 極值 extreme value 加權(quán)平均法 weighted mean method 斷流水位 stage of zero flow 河干 river of zero flow 水文過程線 hydrograph 水文綜合過程線 synthetic hydrograph 等值線 isopleth 分布曲線 distribution curve 水文特征值 hydrologic characteristic value 徑流總量 total runoff 徑流模數(shù) runoff modulus 徑流系數(shù) runoff coefficient 洪峰 flood peak 洪水流量 peak discharge 洪水總量 flood volume 輸沙模數(shù) modulus of sediment runoff 水位流量關(guān)系 stage - discharge relation 連時序法 chronological method 繩套曲線 loop curve 流量過程線法 discharge hydrograph method 潮汐要素法 tidal factor relation method 定潮汐要素法 constant tidal factor relation method 合軸相關(guān)法 coaxial correlation method 一潮推流法 method of discharge computation for a single tide 水位流量關(guān)系 single- valued processing of stage - discharge relation 關(guān)系曲線延長 extension of relation curve 流率表 rating table 單斷沙關(guān)系 index and cross - section average sediment concentration relation 單斷沙關(guān)系曲線法 index and cross - section aerage sediment concentration relation curve method 水位單斷沙比關(guān)系曲線法 stage versus ratio of index and cross- section average sediment concentration relation curve method 單斷沙比過 程線 法 hydrograph method of index and cross - section
average sediment concentration ratio 單樣過程線法 hydrograph method of index sediment concentration 真值 true value 測量值(實(shí)測值)
measured value 最或然值 most probable value 絕對誤差 absolute error 相對誤差 relative error 插機(jī)誤差(偶然誤差)
random error 允許誤差 permissible error 偽誤差(粗差)
spurious 方差 variance 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 standard deviation 相對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 relative standard deviation 離差(偏差)
deviation 閉合差 closure error 平差 adjustment 精密度 precision 準(zhǔn)確度 correctness 垂線抽樣誤差 ( M 型誤差)
measuring vertical sampling error 分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫 distributed type data base 集中式數(shù)據(jù)庫 concentrated type data base 網(wǎng)絡(luò)式數(shù)據(jù)庫 network type data base 層次數(shù)據(jù)庫 laminarization data base 層次數(shù)據(jù)模型 laminarization data model 網(wǎng)狀數(shù)據(jù)模型 network data model 數(shù)據(jù)量 data bulk 結(jié)點(diǎn) node 水文數(shù)據(jù)庫 hydrologic data base 水文基本數(shù)據(jù)庫 hydrologic basic data base 湖泊水文預(yù)報(bào) hydrologic firecasting of lake 施工水文預(yù)報(bào) hydrologic forecasting for construction period 潮汐預(yù)報(bào) tidal prediction 旱情預(yù)報(bào) soil moisture forecasting 地下水動態(tài)預(yù)報(bào) groundwater regime forecasting 預(yù)見期 forecast lead time 超長期水文預(yù)報(bào) extended long - term hydrologic forecasting 作業(yè)預(yù)報(bào) operational forecasting 預(yù)報(bào)方案 forecast scheme 評定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) accuracy standard 方案合格率 qualified ratio of scheme 確定性系數(shù) deterministic coefficient 汛 seasonal flood 伏汛 summer flood 汛期 flood season 防汛 flood defence 報(bào)汛站 flood - reporting station 報(bào)汛站網(wǎng) flook - reporting network 常年水情站 perennial hydrologic reporting station 汛期水情站 hydrologic reporting station inflood season 輔助水清站網(wǎng) auxiliary hydrologic reporting network 洪水警報(bào) flood warning 點(diǎn)雨量 point rainfall 面雨量 areal rainfall 泰森多邊形 Thiessen polygon 等雨量線法 isohyetal method 產(chǎn)流 runoff yield 蓄滿產(chǎn)流 runoff yield at natural storage 超滲產(chǎn)流 runoff yield in excess of infiltration 產(chǎn)流面積 area of runoff yield 地表徑流(直接徑流)
direct runoff 地面流(坡面流)
surface flow of mire 壤中流 prompt subsurface flow 前期影響雨量 antecedent rainfall 土壤缺水量 soil moisture deficit 下滲能力曲線(下滲曲線)
infiltration capability curve 初損 initial losses 后損(后滲)
continuing losses 坡面匯流 overland flow concentration 河網(wǎng)匯流(河槽匯流)
river network flow concentration 地下匯流 groundwater flow concentration 匯流曲線 flow concentration curve 流域匯流曲線 basin flow concentration curve 坡面匯流曲線 overland flow concentration curve 河網(wǎng)匯流曲線 river network flow concentration curve 地下匯流曲線 groundwater flow concentration curve 流域匯流時間 basin flow concentration time 洪峰滯時 peak time lag 流域滯時 basin time lag 等流滯時 isochrone 單位線 unit hydrograph 經(jīng)驗(yàn)單位線 empiricat unit hydrograph 綜合單位線 synthetic unit hydrograph 瞬時單位線 instantaneous unit hydrograph 地貌瞬時單位線 geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph 坡地單位線 slope unit hydrograph 河網(wǎng)單位線 river network unit hydrograph S —曲線 S — curve 無因次單位線 dimensionless unit hydrograph 退水曲線 recession curve 水文模型 hydrologic model 水文物理模型(水文實(shí)體模型)
hydrophysical model 比尺模型 scale model 比擬模型 analogue model 水文數(shù)學(xué)模型 hydrologic mathematic model 水文概念模型 physically — based hydrologic mathematic model 水文數(shù)學(xué)物理模型 deterministic hydrologic model 確定性水文模型 stochastic hydrologic model 分散式模型 distributed model 集總式模型 lumped model 線性水溫模型 linear hydrologic model 非線性水文模型 nonlinear hydrologic model 時不變水文模型 time — invariant hydrologic model 時變水文模型 time — variant hydrologic model 流域水文數(shù)學(xué)模型 hydrologic mathematic model of watershed 模型結(jié)構(gòu) model structure 模型參數(shù) model parameter 模型誤差 model error 模型率定 model calibration 模型檢驗(yàn) model verification 水文模擬 hydrologic simulation 遙測終端機(jī) telemetry terminal meter 中繼機(jī) relay meter 前置通信控制機(jī) preset communication controller 自報(bào)式系統(tǒng) self — reporting system 查詢 — 應(yīng) 答式系統(tǒng) polling — answerback system 混合式系統(tǒng) mix system 時分制遙測系統(tǒng) time — division telemetry system 頻分制遙測系統(tǒng) frequency — division telemetry system
誤碼率 probability of word error 接受率 receiving probability 設(shè)計(jì)站 design station 設(shè)計(jì)流域 design watershed 代表站 representative station 參證站 bench — mark station 典型年(代表年)
typicyear 水文系列 hydrologic series 同步系列 synchronous series 系列代表性 series representativeness 柱狀圖 histogram 諾謨圖 monogram 輸沙量計(jì)算(固體徑流計(jì)算)
computation of sediment runoff 水庫回水計(jì)算 computation of reservoir backwater 水庫淤積計(jì)算 computation of reservoir sedimentation 水庫下游河道沖刷計(jì)算 computation of degradation below reservoir 潰壩洪水計(jì)算 evaluation of dam break flood 感潮河段水力計(jì)算 hydraulic calculation for tidal reach 樣本容量 sample size 隨機(jī)變量 random variable 隨機(jī)系列 random series 累計(jì)頻率(頻率)
cumulative frequency 經(jīng)驗(yàn)頻率 empirical frequency 水 文頻 率 分 布 曲 線 ( 水文 頻率 曲 線 )
hydrologic frequency distribution curve 皮爾遜分布 Pearson distribution 對數(shù)正態(tài)分布 log normal distribution 頻率分析 frequency analysis 隨機(jī)模擬 stochastic simulation 時間序列 time series 隨機(jī)水文分析 hydrologic stochastic analysis 趨勢項(xiàng) trend term 周期項(xiàng) cycle term 隨機(jī)項(xiàng) stochastic term 調(diào)和分析(諧波分析)
harmonic analysis 潛分析 spectrum analysis 回歸分析(相關(guān)分析)
regression analysis 相關(guān)系數(shù) correlation coefficient 自回歸分析 autoregression analysis 逐步回歸分析 stepwise regression analysis 設(shè)計(jì)供水 design flood 溢洪道設(shè)計(jì)洪水 spillway design flood 分期設(shè)計(jì)洪水 stage design flood 施工設(shè)計(jì)洪水 design flood for construction period 校核洪水 check flood 實(shí)測洪水 observed flood 調(diào)查洪水 investigated flood 古洪水 paleoflood 壩址洪水 dam - site flood 入庫洪水 reservoir inflow flood 分項(xiàng)調(diào)查法 item - by - item investigation method 降雨徑流模型法 rainfall -runoff model method 蒸發(fā)差值法 evaporation difference method 徑流年內(nèi)分配 annual distribution of runoff 徑流多年變化 multiyear variation of runoff 豐水期 high - water period 平水期 normal - water period 枯水期(枯季)
low - flow period 豐水年 wet year 平水年(中水年)
normal year 枯水年 dry year 特枯水年 extraordinary dry year 連續(xù)豐水年 continuous wet years 連續(xù)枯水年 continuous dry years 水文年鑒 water year 設(shè)計(jì)雨型 design storm pattern 暴雨路徑 storm track 暴雨時程分配 time distribution of storm 暴雨地區(qū)分布 special distribution of storm 暴雨參數(shù)等值線 storm parametric isoline map 點(diǎn)面換算系數(shù) point - area conversion coefficient 定點(diǎn)定面關(guān)系 fixed point - fixed area relationship 可能最大露點(diǎn) probable maximum dew point 暴雨移置改正 storm transposition correction 流域形狀改正 watershed shape correction 水汽改正 moisture correction 入流障礙改正 inflow obstacle correction 綜合改正 synthetic correction 暴雨幅合分量 convergence component of storm 地形增強(qiáng)因子 topographic increasing factor 等百分?jǐn)?shù)法 isopercental method 可能最大洪水 probable maximum flood 澇 surface water logging 漬 subsurface waterlogging 排澇 surface waterlogging control 排漬 subsurface waterlogging control 排澇規(guī)劃 waterlogging control planning 排澇標(biāo)準(zhǔn) standard for waterlogging control 排澇計(jì)算 computation of waterlogging control 設(shè)計(jì)排澇流量 design discharge for surface drainage 設(shè)計(jì)排漬流量 design drainage discharge of subsurface waterlogging control 設(shè)計(jì)排澇水位 design water level for surface drainage 水荒 water famine 水資源評價 water resources assessment 水資源基礎(chǔ)評價 water resources basic assessment 水量評價 water quantity assessment 水質(zhì)評價 water quality assessment 地表水資源評價 surface water resources assessment 水資源評價指標(biāo) indexes of water resources assessment 水資源總量 total amount of water resources 地表水資源量 surface water resources amount 地下水資源量 groundwater resources amount 可利用量 utilizable water 地下水可開采量 groundwater available yield 可供水量 available water supply 徑流調(diào)節(jié) runoff regulation 綜合利用水庫調(diào)節(jié)(多目標(biāo)水庫調(diào)節(jié))
reservoir regulation for comprehensive utilization 水庫調(diào)洪 reservoir flood routing 水庫供水調(diào)節(jié) reservoir regulation for water supply 水電站徑流調(diào)節(jié) runoff regulation of hydropower regulation 水庫反
調(diào)節(jié) reregulating reservoir 水庫群調(diào)節(jié) multi - reservoir regulation 徑流調(diào)節(jié)計(jì)算 computation of runoff regulation 時歷法(長系列操作法)
chronological series method 概率法(數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法)
probability method 隨機(jī)模擬法 stochastic simulation method 調(diào)節(jié)周期 regulating period 目標(biāo)函數(shù) objective function 約束方程 constraint equation 狀態(tài)變量 state variable 決策變量 decision variable 數(shù)學(xué)規(guī)劃 mathematic programming 線性規(guī)劃 linear programming 非線性規(guī)劃 nonlinear programming 水庫防洪調(diào)度 flood control scheduling of reservoir 水庫實(shí)時調(diào)度 real- time reservoir scheduling 水庫群調(diào)度 multi - reservoir scheduling 水庫預(yù)報(bào)調(diào)度 reservoir scheduling based on forecast 抽水蓄能 pumped storage 水沙調(diào)度 scheduling of water and sediment 水環(huán)境 water environment 水環(huán)境要素(水環(huán)境基質(zhì))
water environment elements 水環(huán)境背景值(水環(huán)境本底值)
water environmental background value 水生態(tài)系統(tǒng) aquatic ecosystem 化學(xué)徑流 chemical runoff 環(huán)境用水 environmental water 環(huán)境水文學(xué) environmental hydrology 環(huán)境水力學(xué) environmental hydraulics 環(huán)境水化學(xué) environmental hydrochemistry 地下水超量開采 groundwater overdraft 人工補(bǔ)給(人工回灌)
artificial recharge 地下水降落漏斗 groundwater depression cone 化學(xué)水污染 chemical water pollution 無機(jī)物水污染 water pollution by inorganic substances 有機(jī)物水污染 water pollution by organic substances 有毒物質(zhì)水污染 water pollution by toxic substances 放射性水污染 radioactive water pollution 熱污染 thermal pollution 生物水污染 water pollution by organism 富營養(yǎng)化 eutrophication 次生水污染 secondary water pollution 地下水污染 groundwater pollution 水污染常規(guī)分析指標(biāo) index of routine analysis for water pollution 水污染遙感監(jiān)測 remote - sensing monitoring of water pollution 污染物 pollutant 污染物遷移 transport of pollutant 機(jī)械遷移 physical transport 物理-化學(xué)遷移 physicochemical transport 人為污染源 artificial pollution source 天然污染源 natural pollution source 污染源調(diào)查 investigation of pollution sources 污染源控制 pollution source control 水質(zhì)參數(shù) water quality parameters 水質(zhì)模型 water quality model 水溫模型 water temperature model 水質(zhì)生物評價 biologic assessment of water quality 水環(huán)境效益 water environmental effect 水污染環(huán)境效應(yīng) environmental effect of water pollution 水環(huán)境保護(hù) water environmental protection 水質(zhì)規(guī)劃 water quality planning 河流水質(zhì)規(guī)劃 river water quality planning 水庫水質(zhì)規(guī)劃 reservoir water quality planning 水 污 染 綜 合 防 治 規(guī)劃 planning of comprehensive water pollution control 水源保護(hù)區(qū) protection zone of water source 蒸發(fā) evaporation 水位 stage 流速 velocity 流量 discharge 含沙量 sediment concentration 輸沙率 sediment discharge 水溫模型 water temperature 冰凌 ice run 水質(zhì) water quality 下墊面 underlying surface 水文情勢 hydrologic regime 水文效應(yīng) hydrologic effect 水文循環(huán)(水循環(huán))
hydrologic cycle 水量平衡 water balance 熱量平衡 heat balance 鹽量平衡 salt balance 大氣水汽含量 atmospheric water vapour content 大氣水汽輸送 atmospheric water vapour transport 水汽輸送通量 atmospheric water vapour flux 降雨面積 rainfall area 降雨分布 rainfall distribution 暴雨洪水 storm flood 冰凌洪水(凌訊)
ice flood 冰雪洪水 ice -snow melt flood 雨雪混合洪水 rain and snowmelt flood 山洪 flash flood 潰壩洪水 dam - break flood 大氣環(huán)流 atmospheric circulation 行星尺度天氣系統(tǒng) planetary scale weather system 天氣尺度天氣系統(tǒng) synoptic scale weather system 中小尺度天氣系統(tǒng) meso and micro - scale weather 風(fēng)暴潮 storm surge 風(fēng)暴中心 storm center 西風(fēng)槽 westerly trough 東風(fēng)波 easterly wave 低壓槽 trough 高壓脊 ridge 副熱帶高壓 subtropic high 溫帶 extratropic zone 寒帶 frigid zone 季風(fēng) monsoon 梅雨(霉雨)
plum rains 陣雨 showery rain 地形雨 aerographic rain 熱帶氣旋雨 rainfall in tropic cyclone 衛(wèi)星云圖 satellite cloud picture 氣壓(大氣壓強(qiáng))
atmospheric pressure 海平面氣壓 sea - level pressure 濕球溫度 wet - bulb temperature 水汽壓
vapour pressure 飽和水汽壓 saturation vapour pressure 絕對濕度 absolute humidity 相對濕度 relative humidity 飽和差 saturation deficit 流域長度 basin length 流域平均高程 basin elevation mean 流域平均寬度 basin width mean 流域平均坡度 basin slope mean 流域不對稱系數(shù) coefficient of basin nonsymmetric 流域面積增長率 growth ratio of drainage area 流域自然地理特征 physiographic characteristics of basin 水系(河系)
hydrographic net 人工河網(wǎng) artificial drainage network 河網(wǎng)密度 drainage density 明渠 open channel 河源 headwaters 沖溝 gully 溪流 brook 分支 fork 串溝 bifurcation channel 外流河 exoreic river 內(nèi)陸河 endothecia river 減河 relief channel 控制河段 control reach 順流河段 straight reach 彎曲河段 bent reach 擴(kuò)散河段 expanding reach 收縮河段 converging reach 游蕩河段 wandering reach 感潮河段 tidal reach 裁彎河段 channel cutoff 穩(wěn)定河槽 stable channel 不穩(wěn)定河槽(沖淤河槽)
unstable channel 主槽 main channel 單式河槽 single channel 復(fù)式河槽 compound channel 河道橫斷面 river cross - section 河道縱斷面 river longitudinal profile 斷面特性 cross - section characteristics 河床形態(tài) channel morphology 淺灘 thoal 急潭 cataract 河漫灘 flood plain 江心湖 channel island 有效水頭 effective head 水頭損失 head loss 沿程水頭損失 frictional head loss 局部水頭損失 local head loss 能面比降 energy slope 水面比降 surface slope 摩阻比降 friction slope 附加比降(加速比降)
add slope 河道比降(河床比降)
channel slope 水面橫比降 transverse slope of water surface 倒比降 inverse slope 總水頭線 total head line 水面線 water surface profile 糙率 roughness 謝才系數(shù) Chezy coefficient 謝才公式 Chezy formula 曼寧公式 Manning formula 輸水因數(shù)(輸水率)
conveyance factor 水躍 hydraulic jump 水舌 nappe 回水曲線(壅水曲線)
hackwater curve 弗汝德數(shù) Froude number 懸移質(zhì) suspended load 推移質(zhì) bed load 床沙 bed material 床沙質(zhì) bed material load 沖瀉質(zhì) wash load 河流泥沙運(yùn)動 sediment transport in river 泥沙起動 incipient motion of sediment 起動流速 competent velocity 造床流址 dominant discharge 泥沙密度 density of sediment 高含沙水流 flow with hypereoncentration of sediment 泥石流 debris flow 水流挾沙能力 sediment transport capacity of flow 河床演變 fluvial process 沖刷 scar 淤積 sedimentation 沙量平衡 sediment balance 泥沙輸移 sediment transport 泥沙輸移比 sediment delivery ratio 漿河現(xiàn)象 clogging of river sediment flow 揭河底現(xiàn)象 tearing of river bed 天然水質(zhì) natural water quality 水化學(xué) hydrochemistry 冰清 ice regime 結(jié)冰河流 ice - frozen stream 封凍河流 freeze - up stream 穩(wěn)定封凍河流 stable freeze - up stream 非穩(wěn)定封凍河流 unstable freeze - up stream 結(jié)冰期 ice - frozen period 初生冰 initial ice 冰針 ice specula 冰凇 rime ice 圓扁冰 pan - cake ice 冰花 frazil slush 岸冰 border ice 初生岸冰 initial border ice 固定岸冰 fixed border ice 沖擊岸冰 agglomerated border ice 再生岸冰 regenerative border ice 殘余岸冰 residual border ice 雪冰 slush ice 水內(nèi)冰 underwater ice 冰屑 shuga 冰底邊 ice base boundary 冰礁 ice reef 冰橋 ice bridge 流冰花 slush ice run 冰上流水 water flow over ice 層冰層水 ice cover with intercalated water layers 融冰 thawing 冰層塌陷 ice sheet depression 冰層浮起 floating ice cover 冰滑動 dislodging of ice cover 解凍(開河)
break - up 文開河 tranquil break - up 武開河 violent break - up 流沙 ice run 流沙堆積 drifting ice pack 冰壩 ice dam 殘冰堆積 residual ice accumulation 潮汐 tide 潮位(潮水位)
tidal level 漲潮 flood tide 落潮 ebb tide 高潮 high tide 低潮 low tide 平潮 dead tide 漲潮潮差 flood tidal range 落潮潮差 ebb tidal range 高潮間歇 high lunitidal interval 低潮間歇 low lunitidal interval 日潮不等 diurnal inequality 落潮流歷時 duration of ebb current 涌潮 bore 河口水流 estuarine flow 河口潮汐 estuarine tide 河口演變 fluvial precesses of estuary 攔門沙 estuarine bar 河口三角洲 estuarine delta 灘涂(海涂)
tidal flat 地下水水文學(xué) groundwater hydrology 水文地質(zhì)學(xué) hydrogeology 地下水動力學(xué) groundwater dynamics 地下水系統(tǒng) groundwater system 地下水流域 drainage basin of groundwater 地下水分水嶺 groundwater divide 地下水動態(tài) groundwater regime 地下水均衡 groundwater balance 地下水運(yùn)動(滲流)
groundwater movement 地下水模型 groundwater
model 地下水儲量 groundwater storage 地下水水庫 groundwater reservoir 越流系數(shù) leakage coefficient 延遲指數(shù) delay index 影響半徑 influence radios 補(bǔ)給帶寬度 range of recharge zone 水位削減值 drawdown value interference 分 子 擴(kuò) 散 系 數(shù) coefficient of molecular diffusion 機(jī)械彌散系數(shù)(水力彌...
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