羅素散文
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羅素散文篇一:羅素散文《我們該選擇死亡嗎?》賞析
羅素散文《我們該選擇死亡嗎?》賞析
文章作者伯特蘭·羅素是二十世紀(jì)英國哲學(xué)家、數(shù)學(xué)家、邏輯學(xué)家、歷史學(xué)家,無神論或者不可知論者,是上世紀(jì)西方最著名、影響最大的學(xué)者和和平主義社會活動家之一,也被認(rèn)為是與弗雷格、維特根斯坦和懷特海一同創(chuàng)建了分析哲學(xué)。他與懷特海合著的《數(shù)學(xué)原理》對邏輯學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)、集合論、語言學(xué)和分析哲學(xué)有著巨大影響。1950年,獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎,以表彰其“多樣且重要的作品,持續(xù)不斷的追求人道主義理想和思想自由”
作者寫作的時代背景是:資本主義的到來讓世界各國因為爭奪國家利益發(fā)動各種戰(zhàn)爭,讓各國人們苦不堪言,1918年第一次世界大戰(zhàn)和1945年第二次世界大戰(zhàn)相繼結(jié)束,1948年第一次中東戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā),1950年朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)等等一系列大型戰(zhàn)爭。隨著科技的進步戰(zhàn)爭武器給人類帶來的危害越來越大。
在文章寫法上,作者運用了大量修辭手法讓文章文字生動、情感強烈、富有感染力。如:
第一段中的:“I am speaking not as a Briton, not as a European, not as a western democracy, but as a human being, a menber of the species Man, whose continued existence is in doubt.”用的是間接重復(fù)(Intermittent repetition)和掉尾句(Periodic sentences)間接重復(fù)使感情逐漸強烈,掉尾句突出作者表達的中心。
第二段中的“We have to learn to think in a new way. We have to learn to ask ourseves not .....”用的是句首重復(fù),使文章朗朗上口,強調(diào)了作者感情。
第三段中的“It is understood that the new bombs are mote powerful than the old and thar, while one atomic bomb could obliterate Hiroshima, one hydrogen bomb could obliterate the largest cities such as London, New York, and Moscow.”用的是掉尾句(Periodic sentences),在開頭重點指出新炸彈比舊炸彈更具威力,帶來的毀滅性也更大。
第五段中的“For countless ages the sun rose and set, the moon waxed and waned, the stars shome in the night,”用的是排比(Parallelism)手法,突出了宇宙的漫長與深奧,人類出現(xiàn)并認(rèn)識宇宙的時間太晚。
“Is our race so destitute of wisdom, so incapable of impartial love, so blind even to the simplst dictates of self-persevation,....”用的是句首重復(fù)(Anaphara)和層進法(Climax),逐漸強烈的表達了人類的盲目。
文章框架分為四個部分:
第一段表明了作者的講演身份:能否繼續(xù)生存下去的人類的一員和主題:世界充滿爭斗。第二段寫了該如何做即采取什么措施來避免軍事競賽。 第三到第四段寫了氫彈戰(zhàn)爭帶來的毀滅性危害。
第五到第六段作者極力呼吁人們明白人類是值得保全的以及暫時忘掉爭吵,結(jié)束戰(zhàn)爭,進行反省,記住人性,忘掉其余。
整篇文章的思想是:
通過對氫彈戰(zhàn)這一典型的戰(zhàn)爭毀滅品危害性的描述,呼吁人類不要再盲目下去,不再為了利益發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭,而應(yīng)記住人性,給人類更多的無私的愛,結(jié)束一切可怕的軍事競賽,讓人類時代和諧地延續(xù)下去。
讀完文章后,其中有很多讓人深思的句子如:
No one knows how widely such lethal radioactive particles might be disffused, but the best authorities are unanimous in saying that a war with hydrogen bombs is quite likely to put an end to the human race. It is feared that if many hydrogen bombs are used there will be universal death sudden only for a fortunate minority, but for the majority a slow torture of disease and disintegration...這段文字雖然沒有正面細(xì)致描寫氫彈戰(zhàn)給人類帶來的種種痛苦,但是寥寥數(shù)語就可以讓人感受到氫彈戰(zhàn)的可怕與帶給人類的后患,側(cè)面寫出了停止軍事競賽的必要性與重要性。
In art and literature and religion, some men have shown a sublimity of feeling which makes the species worth preserving.寫出了再某些藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、宗教領(lǐng)域里還是有人懂得人類是值得保全懂得,說明在世界的某些角落還是有人明白發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭的愚昧,只要我們將這種人性思想推廣,戰(zhàn)爭的停止是有希望的,地球走向一個新的天堂是有希望的。
Is our race so destitute of wisdom, so incapable of impartial love, so blind even to the simplst dictates of self-persevation, that the last proof of its silly celeverness is to be the extermination of all life on our planet?-for it will be not noly men who will perish, but also the animals, whom no one can accuse of communisn or anticommunism. 現(xiàn)在人類都還太缺乏智慧和無私的愛,不斷因為國家利益而發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭,但是戰(zhàn)爭中用的毀滅性的武器遲早有一天會讓人類被消滅,如果人類能夠從現(xiàn)在開始明白這一點,結(jié)束那無休止的戰(zhàn)爭的話,一切都還有救。這是值得人們深思的問題。 If you can do so, the way lies open to a new paradise; if you cannot, nothing lies before you but universal death. 人類如果可以記住人性,讓戰(zhàn)爭這個詞從此消失,那么我們是可以擁有一個新的天堂的,否則只有全世界的毀滅。面對這樣的忠告,以及這樣的無法想象的后果,我們真的應(yīng)該好好反省軍事競賽這種盲目的行為。
讀完這篇文章后,我對“戰(zhàn)爭”這個詞有了新的認(rèn)識,也意識到我們到底該做些什么。
首先,明確意識到了:戰(zhàn)爭給人們帶來的只有身體和心靈的傷害,應(yīng)該堅決反對發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭,不管是任何理由,只要全世界的人民都有這種意識,戰(zhàn)爭又從何而來呢?
其次,美國這個國家,侵略成性,在世界上到處殺人放火,輸出暴力,惡棍強盜,大賣軍火大搶石油,對中國和平崛起恨之入骨,在全世界輸出資本主義制度,,他在很大程度上是無數(shù)戰(zhàn)爭之源。美國的目的歸根結(jié)底就是為國家利益不擇手段,甚至通過不惜先發(fā)動后花大量資金重建或者直接挑起幾國之間的事端,從中進行
軍火和資金的翻滾,坐收漁翁之利。做為世界第一強國,更應(yīng)該反省這些為獲取利益而不惜人類存活為代價的方式。要知道,如果哪一天地球真的因為他發(fā)動的戰(zhàn)爭而毀滅,再多的金錢、石油,再發(fā)達的科技,再富裕的生活已經(jīng)沒有機會享受的時候,那時候已經(jīng)沒有后悔的機會了。還有其他很多國家,因為宗教分歧、土地、水源等等而經(jīng)常發(fā)生沖突或發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭,結(jié)果戰(zhàn)爭不能解決問題,帶來的確實超出人們想象的危害。這些國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團真的是時候反思這個關(guān)乎人類是否能夠繼續(xù)生存下去的問題了。
最后,如果國家與國家之間有發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭的可能性的時候,譬如這次的(轉(zhuǎn) 載于:www.zuancaijixie.com 蒲公 英文摘:羅素散文)中日釣魚島事件,我們可以通過各種途徑看到各種不恰當(dāng)?shù)膼蹏绞剑捍罅繉W(xué)生上街游行示威,高舉不惜采用一切手段和日本對抗到底旗幟,許多店面掛出抵制日貨等臟話,大量各種各樣的人在街上發(fā)動暴亂,砸毀日產(chǎn)汽車等產(chǎn)品。這些盲目的愛國方式,在他們看來或許是對的、有效的。但是作為大學(xué)生的我們更應(yīng)該理性愛國,理性的去看待戰(zhàn)爭,更應(yīng)該呼吁和平相處,盡量避免戰(zhàn)爭。但是要知道和平不是妥協(xié),要做到真正的和諧相處則需要兩國的相互配合或是國際制度的限制。
羅素散文篇二:羅素的文章
Three Passions
Bertrand Russell
Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.
I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy-ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of my life for a few hours for this joy. I have sought it, next, because it
relieves loneliness-that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what-at last-I have found.
With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine...A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But
always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.
This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.
羅素散文篇三:英語經(jīng)典文章 羅素美文
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