云南烤煙鉀含量特征及其與致香物質(zhì)的關系
發(fā)布時間:2019-08-23 來源: 散文精選 點擊:
摘要:為研究云南烤煙鉀含量與致香物質(zhì)含量的關系,在云南省主要煙區(qū)采集煙葉樣品204個,對煙葉鉀含量和主要致香物質(zhì)進行了分析測定,采用簡單相關分析、灰色關聯(lián)分析和回歸分析等方法研究了云南烤煙鉀含量特征及其與主要致香物質(zhì)含量之間的關系。結(jié)果表明,云南煙區(qū)烤煙鉀含量平均為1.96%,有52.45%的煙葉鉀含量偏低,且變幅較大(0.70%~3.24%),在市(州)間、海拔分組間和土壤pH分組間均存在顯著差異;云南烤煙致香物質(zhì)含量變幅較大,最高值為最低值的3.41~10.50倍,6類致香物質(zhì)含量均與烤煙鉀含量呈極顯著正相關,灰色關聯(lián)系數(shù)大小順序為:酮類>醛類>醇類>氮雜環(huán)類>酚類>酯類,鉀含量與各致香物質(zhì)含量均符合線性方程,且回歸方程達極顯著水平,即隨鉀含量增加,烤煙各類致香物質(zhì)含量呈直線增加趨勢,鉀含量最低的分組(鉀含量為0.97%)比鉀含量最高的分組(鉀含量為2.96%)致香物質(zhì)總量低71.89 μg/g(30.77%)。鉀素營養(yǎng)是影響云南烤煙致香物質(zhì)含量的重要因素之一。
關鍵詞:鉀含量;致香物質(zhì);烤煙;關系
中圖分類號:S572.06文章編號:1007-5119(2015)06-0049-07DOI:10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2015.06.009
Relationship between Potassium Content and Aroma Componentsof Flue-cured Tobacco in Yunnan
LI Qiang1, ZHOU Jiheng1, CHENG Changxin2,LIU Xiaoying1, YANG Yingming2, ZHANG Yiyang1
。1.Tobacco Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; 2. Hongyun Honghe Tobacco (Group) Co., Ltd., Kunming 650231, China)
Abstract:204 flue-cured tobacco samples were collected in YunnanProvince. The relationship between potassium content and aroma components of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed using correlation analysis, gray correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results indicated that, the mean potassium content was 1.96% with a variation between 0.70%-3.24%, with 52.45% of the samples having low potassium content. Significant difference in potassium content of flue cured tobacco was observed between elevation groups and soil pH groups. The variationin flue-cured tobacco aroma components was huge in Yunnan (3.41-10.50 times), and the aroma components were highly significantly correlated with potassium content, with the order of grey incidence coefficientsbeing: ketones>aldehydes>alcohols>nitrogen heterocyclic>phenols>esters.Potassium content and all the aroma component conformed to linear equations with at the extremely significant level, that is, with the increase of flue cured tobacco potassium content, a linear increase of aroma components was observed. Aroma components of the lowest potassium content group (potassium content is 0.97%) was 71.89 μg/g (30.77%)less than that of the highest potassium content group (potassium content is 2.96%). Potassium nutrition is an important factor that affects the aroma components in Yunnan flue-cured tobacco.
Keywords: potassium content; aroma components; flue-cured tobacco; relationship
鉀是烤煙吸收量最多的礦質(zhì)元素,一般是氮素的1.4倍,磷素的3.5倍[1],是煙株體內(nèi)多種酶的激活劑,能夠促進煙株的碳水化合物代謝、氮代謝、脂肪代謝、蛋白質(zhì)代謝,調(diào)節(jié)氣孔開放,維持細胞膨壓,促進物質(zhì)運輸和機械組織發(fā)育,提高煙株抗逆性[2]。鉀還是烤煙重要品質(zhì)指標之一,在《中國煙草種植區(qū)劃》中鉀含量和鉀氯比在烤煙化學成分評價指標體系中的累計權重達0.17[3]。有關煙葉鉀含量與煙葉品質(zhì)關系的研究報道較多,煙葉中較高的鉀含量可以顯著改善煙葉的燃燒性,增加陰燃時間,降低燃燒溫度,改善煙葉的香吃味[2]。煙葉中致香物質(zhì)含量是衡量煙葉品質(zhì)的重要因素之一,其含量及構(gòu)成比例直接影響著煙葉和煙氣的香味狀況和風格特色[4]。有關煙葉致香物質(zhì)含量的影響因素較多,包括烤煙品種、肥料種類及用量、干旱脅迫、成熟度、海拔高度、烘烤過程等[5]。近年來,鉀素營養(yǎng)與煙葉致香物質(zhì)的關系受到關注,如改變鉀肥種類及提高鉀肥施用量等均可明顯提高煙葉中的香氣物質(zhì)含量[6-7];在鉀肥總量不變的條件下,增加追肥比例可顯著增加煙葉致香物質(zhì)含量[8-9]。一般認為這是因為鉀可以通過影響煙株體內(nèi)的多種物質(zhì)代謝從而影響烴類、醇類、脂類和酯類等煙葉致香物質(zhì)的形成[10]。云南烤煙鉀含量平均在1.9%左右,在全國主要煙區(qū)屬中等水平,但變幅極大0.73%~4.03%[11]。相對較低的鉀含量和較大的變幅對烤煙致香物質(zhì)含量影響如何,未見文獻報道。鑒于此,本文通過取樣測試烤煙鉀含量和致香物質(zhì)含量,分析云南烤煙鉀含量特征及其與致香物質(zhì)含量的關系,期望為云南優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉生產(chǎn),特別是為云南煙葉增鉀提香提供科學參考。
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