控釋肥對烤煙光合特性和產質量與氮鉀利用率的影響

　　摘 要：為了尋求研制優(yōu)質、高效、環(huán)保的煙草控釋肥料所需的參考依據(jù)，采用田間試驗研究了控釋肥和煙草專用復合肥對烤煙光合特性、產量與質量及氮鉀利用率的影響。結果表明：（1）當施氮量由90 kg/hm2提高到150 kg/hm2時，烤煙產量和產值均顯著增加，上等煙比例和均價略有下降，各葉位烤后煙葉全鉀含量提高或顯著提高，煙堿含量顯著提高，總糖與還原糖含量顯著下降；（2）與煙草專用復合肥相比，控釋肥可提高烤煙旺長期以后的葉片葉綠素含量，提高旺長期煙葉凈光合速率、氣孔導度、胞間CO2濃度，但對蒸騰速率無明顯影響；（3）與煙草專用復合肥比較，控釋肥能使烤煙產量提高3%～7%，產值提高9%～16%，各葉位烤后煙葉全鉀含量提高或顯著提高，煙堿含量變化不明顯，總糖與還原糖含量降低。（4）控釋肥有利于提高烤煙氮肥、鉀肥利用率，在施氮90 kg/hm2和150 kg/hm2條件下氮肥利用率分別提高21.1和8.7個百分點，施鉀180 kg/hm2和300 kg/hm2條件下鉀肥利用率分別提高9.4和8.6個百分點�？梢姡�控釋肥可改善烤煙中后期光合特性，增加產量與產值，改善烤后煙葉品質，提高氮鉀利用率。
　　關鍵詞：烤煙；控釋肥；光合特性；產量；質量；肥料利用率
　　中圖分類號：S572.06 文章編號：1007-5119（2015）01-0054-07 DOI：10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2015.01.011
　　Effects of Controlled Release Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Characteristics， Yield and Quality and Use Efficiency of N and K of Tobacco
　　HUANG Songqing， WEI Yue， TU Naimei， YI Zhenxie*， GUAN Chunyun
　　（College of Agronomy， Hunan Agricultural University， Changsha 410128， China）
　　Abstract： In order to provide the reference for research and development of high-quality， high-efficiency and environmentally harmless controlled release fertilizers for tobacco， the effects of controlled release fertilizer （CRF） and tobacco-specific compound fertilizer （TCF） on photosynthetic characteristics， yield， quality of flue-cured tobacco， and N and K use efficiency were investigated. The results showed that （1） when the nitrogen application rate increased from 90 to 150 kg/ha， yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco significantly increased， the ratio of first-grade tobacco leaves and average price slightly decreased. Total K content of all cured leaves increased or significantly increased. Nicotine content significantly increased， but contents of total sugar and reducing sugar significantly decreased. （2） Compared to TCF， CRF increased the chlorophyll content in tobacco leaves after vigorous growth stage of flue-cured tobacco and improved the photosynthetic rate， stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration at vigorous growth stage. （3） Compared to TCF， CRF increased yield by 3%-8% and output value by 9%-16%， significantly increased contents of total K and nicotine， but significantly reduced contents of total sugar and reducing sugar. （4） CRF improved the use efficiency of N and K fertilizers. Under the N rate of 90 and 150 kg/ha， the N use efficiency increased by 21.1 and 8.7 percentage points， respectively. Under the K rate of 180 and 300 kg/ha， the K fertilizer use efficiency increased by 9.4 and 8.6 percentage points， respectively. In conclusion， CRF can improve photosynthetic characteristics at middle and late stages of flue-cured tobacco， increase yield and output value， improve quality of cured tobacco leaves and increase N and K use efficiency.

相關熱詞搜索：光合 控釋 烤煙 利用率 特性