郴州烤煙K326品種烘烤特性探究

　　摘    要：烤煙的烘烤特性是指煙葉在農(nóng)藝過程中獲得的與烘烤技術(shù)和效果緊密相關(guān)的固有素質(zhì)特性，因品種而異。試驗(yàn)以烤煙K326品種為供試材料，采用暗箱和電熱式烤箱研究郴州產(chǎn)區(qū)烤煙K326品種的烘烤特性，分析其變黃、變褐特性，失水特性，葉綠素降解特性及主要化學(xué)成分變化規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明：暗箱條件下，下部葉變黃快，易烤性較好，變黃后變褐時(shí)間短，耐烤性較差;上部葉則與下部葉表現(xiàn)完全相反，易烤性較差而耐烤性較好;中部葉的易烤性和耐烤性介于上部葉和下部葉之間。煙葉在烘烤過程中，失水規(guī)律表現(xiàn)為“慢-快-慢”的變化趨勢(shì);葉綠素降解呈先快后慢的規(guī)律;主要化學(xué)成分中總糖、還原糖含量表現(xiàn)為增加趨勢(shì)，總氮、煙堿含量變化不明顯，淀粉含量呈降低趨勢(shì)。在不同烘烤階段不同部位煙葉各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的變化速率和幅度均存在明顯的差異，需依據(jù)各部位煙葉烘烤特性制定科學(xué)的烘烤工藝，充分發(fā)揮煙葉潛力，提升K326品種的種植效益。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：烤煙;K326：烘烤特性;湖南郴州
　　中圖分類號(hào)：S572          文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A          DOI 編碼：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.02.005
　　Abstract： The curing characteristics of flue-cured tobacco refer to the inherent quality characteristics of tobacco obtained in the agricultural process， which are closely related to the curing technology and effect， and vary according to the variety. Tobacco leaves from different leaf positions of K326 were used as test materials. Study on flue-curing characteristics of K326 in Chenzhou area using black box and electric oven system. The characteristics of yellowing and browning， dehydration， chlorophyll degradation and changes of main chemical components were analyzed. The results showed that under dark condition， the lower leaves performed rapid yellowing and good easy curing potential， but the time which was from complete yellowing to come into browning was shorter， indicating that the lower leaves had bad endurable curing potential. The flue-curing characteristics of the upper leaves showed the opposite trend with the lower leaves. And the flue-curing characteristics of the middle leaves were between the upper leaves and the lower leaves. During the curing process， the law of water loss of tobacco leaves was showing a trend of "slow-fast-slow". Chlorophyll degradation was showing a trend of fast first and then slowdown. The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar in the main chemical components showed an increasing trend， the contents of total nitrogen and nicotine showed no significant change， while the starch content showed a decreasing trend. There were obvious differences in the speed and range of the indicators in different baking stages and different position leaves. The scientific flue-curing technology should be worked out according to the flue-curing characteristics of different parts of tobacco leaves in order to give full play to the potential of tobacco leaves and enhance the planting benefit of K326 varieties.
　　Key words： flue-cured tobacco; K326; flue-curing characteristics; Chenzhou city of Hunan province

相關(guān)熱詞搜索：郴州 烤煙 烘烤 探究 特性