不同留杈煙方式對(duì)白肋煙煙葉產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-24 來源: 散文精選 點(diǎn)擊:
摘要 為充分利用達(dá)州地區(qū)光熱資源,降低早花損失,增加有效葉數(shù),促進(jìn)農(nóng)民增收,該研究以當(dāng)?shù)責(zé)熮r(nóng)白肋煙生產(chǎn)中傳統(tǒng)的留杈煙方式為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合生態(tài)、栽培、晾制等條件改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)了3種不同的留杈煙方式,分別為半斬株采收煙株基部留杈煙,打頂后直接留頂芽一個(gè)作杈煙,打頂后第二次抹芽時(shí)選留頂芽一個(gè)作杈煙。結(jié)果表明:半斬株采收煙株基部留杈煙的方式下,頭煙與杈煙的重疊生育期、重疊晾制期最短,杈煙單獨(dú)生育期最長(zhǎng),煙葉總產(chǎn)量、總產(chǎn)值明顯高于另2種留杈煙方式,達(dá)到5 345.03 kg/hm2和57 744.60元/hm2,均價(jià)、上中等煙比例均較高,同時(shí)化學(xué)成分含量較適宜。
關(guān)鍵詞 白肋煙;杈煙;產(chǎn)量;產(chǎn)值;四川達(dá)州
中圖分類號(hào) S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1007-5739(2014)14-0013-03
Effect of Different Branch Tobacco Remaining on Yield and Quality of Burley Tobacco
XIANG Jie YANG Xing-you CHEN Zhi-hua JIN Dong-mei YANG Wei-li
。―azhou Branch of Sichuan Tobacco Company(Dazhou Tobacco Company),Dazhou Sichuan 635000)
Abstract In order to increase peasants′ income by making full use of light and heat resources in Dazhou area,reducing the loss of early flowering and increasing effective leaves,three different ways of branch tobacco remaining were designed and developed,which were remaining on the foot of tobacco plants after half stalk cutting harvest,remaining on the top of tobacco plants after topping at right,and remaining on the top but after the second buds erasing.The results showed that branch tobacco remained on the foot had the lest overlap of growth and air-curing period between primary tobacco and branch tobacco,and the longest single growth period of ranch tobacco.The total yield and output value of branch tobacco remained on the foot were 5 345.03 kg/hm2 and 57 744.60 yuan/hm2,which were significantly higher than the others,the average price and first-class tobacco proportion were higher too.In addition,branch tobacco remained on the foot had appropriate content of chemical components.
Key words burley tobacco;branch tobacco;yield;output value;Dazhou Sichuan
達(dá)州是全國(guó)白肋煙主產(chǎn)區(qū),有適宜種植優(yōu)質(zhì)白肋煙的自然環(huán)境、氣候條件,植煙歷史悠久,當(dāng)?shù)胤N植戶積累了豐富的種植經(jīng)驗(yàn)[1-2]。生產(chǎn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)部分煙農(nóng)為追求產(chǎn)量的增加,通過采用植株頂上直接留杈煙的方式來增加葉數(shù)以提高煙葉產(chǎn)量,此種生產(chǎn)方式較粗放,缺乏規(guī)范的技術(shù)指導(dǎo),同時(shí)對(duì)煙葉產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)的影響如何尚缺乏有效的研究數(shù)據(jù)[3]。在烤煙早花處理研究中[4-5]發(fā)現(xiàn),合理部位留杈煙能提高煙葉產(chǎn)量,改善煙葉外觀質(zhì)量,協(xié)調(diào)煙葉化學(xué)成分。在白肋煙鮮有的留杈煙研究中[6-8]也發(fā)現(xiàn)留杈煙葉除在化學(xué)成分、感官品質(zhì)與常規(guī)煙葉略有差異外,產(chǎn)量增加明顯,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益顯著提高。但已有研究多停留在留杈煙本身對(duì)煙葉的影響,而不同留杈煙方式對(duì)白肋煙產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)的差異影響則尚未涉及[9-10]。結(jié)合達(dá)州地區(qū)特殊的氣候條件、生態(tài)優(yōu)勢(shì)和農(nóng)戶長(zhǎng)期生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐總結(jié)的經(jīng)驗(yàn),尋找一種充分利用土地、光熱資源的合理增產(chǎn)提質(zhì)栽培方式,是十分必要和迫切的。如何在提高白肋煙產(chǎn)量的同時(shí)又能保證其質(zhì)量不受影響,滿足工業(yè)企業(yè)的需要和煙農(nóng)收益,實(shí)現(xiàn)效益最大化是當(dāng)前白肋煙生產(chǎn)迫切需要解決的問題。該研究通過對(duì)不同留杈煙方式的分析,以為達(dá)州地區(qū)的白肋煙種植戶提供一種科學(xué)合理的增產(chǎn)渠道。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗(yàn)地概況
試驗(yàn)于2011年在達(dá)州市煙葉主產(chǎn)區(qū)的宣漢縣桃花鄉(xiāng)和開江縣梅家鄉(xiāng)進(jìn)行,試驗(yàn)地平整,土壤肥力均勻一致。
1.2 試驗(yàn)材料
供試品種為當(dāng)?shù)匕桌邿熤髟云贩N達(dá)白1號(hào)。
1.3 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)與方法
以當(dāng)?shù)責(zé)熮r(nóng)白肋煙生產(chǎn)中傳統(tǒng)的留杈煙方式為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合生態(tài)、栽培、晾制等條件改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)了3種不同的留杈煙方式,處理1:半斬株采收,斬株前4~5 d在莖基部留3~4個(gè)預(yù)備芽,斬株時(shí)留1個(gè)健壯芽培養(yǎng)成杈煙煙株,留葉14~16片,簡(jiǎn)稱半斬株采收煙株基部留杈煙;處理2:摘葉采收,初花打頂時(shí)直接留健壯頂芽1個(gè)培育成杈煙煙枝,留葉8~9片,簡(jiǎn)稱打頂后直接留頂芽一個(gè)作杈煙;處理3:摘葉采收,初花打頂后5~6 d把所有芽全部抹掉,在打頂后10~12 d第2次抹芽時(shí),選留健壯頂芽1個(gè)培育成杈煙煙枝,留葉8~9片,簡(jiǎn)稱打頂后第2次抹芽時(shí)選留頂芽一個(gè)作杈煙。
相關(guān)熱詞搜索:煙葉 對(duì)白 產(chǎn)量 品質(zhì) 方式
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