不同富鉀土壤調(diào)理劑對植煙土壤供鉀特性和煙葉品質(zhì)的影響

　　摘要：為探究在中耕培土期追施富鉀土壤調(diào)理劑對烤煙生產(chǎn)的影響，利用礦物鉀肥（水熱法）、木本泥炭基腐植酸鉀、礦物鉀肥（煅燒法）部分替代追肥中的KNO3或K2SO4，研究其對烤煙根區(qū)土壤pH、鉀含量及烤煙不定根生物量和煙葉品質(zhì)的影響。結(jié)果表明，在中耕培土期追施富鉀土壤調(diào)理劑能顯著提高采烤結(jié)束時煙株根區(qū)土壤pH，促進煙株不定根發(fā)育及地上部分生物量的增加，效果為礦物鉀肥（水熱法）>木本泥炭基腐植酸鉀>礦物鉀肥（煅燒法）。追施礦物鉀肥（水熱法）及木本泥炭基腐植酸鉀能顯著提高耕層土壤速效鉀（0～15 cm土層）、緩效鉀（15～30 cm土層）及中下部煙葉中的鉀含量，其0～15 cm土層速效鉀含量分別高于對照13.55%、12.10%，15～30 cm土層緩效鉀含量分別高于對照19.73%、18.90%，中下部煙葉鉀含量分別高于對照21.58%、15.68%。追施礦物鉀肥（水熱法），中、下部煙葉煙堿含量較對照分別降低21.47%、17.02%。在酸化植煙土壤上，中耕培土期間追施礦物鉀肥（水熱法）及木本泥炭基腐植酸鉀后能改善土壤供鉀能力，改良土壤酸化，提高烤煙不定根生物量及煙葉品質(zhì)。
　　關(guān)鍵詞：中耕培土；富鉀土壤調(diào)理劑；不定根；化學(xué)品質(zhì)；鉀素
　　中圖分類號：S572.01文章編號：1007-5119（2017）04-0064-06DOI：10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2017.04.010
　　Abstract： The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of the potassium-rich soil conditioners on the topdressing during cultivation hilling of flue-cured tobacco production. In this study mineral potash （hydrothermal method），mineral potash （calcination method） and wood peat derived potassium humate were used to replace part of KNO3 or K2SO4 on the topdressing.Their effects on the contents of pH，K in flue-cured tobacco root zone and the adventitious root， biomass and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that soil pH of tobacco root zone， adventitious roots and aboveground biomass of tobacco plants were significantly improved after topdressing the type of potassium rich soil conditioners during cultivation hilling.The effect was mineral potash （hydrothermal method）>wood peat derived potassium humate>mineral potash （calcination method）.Topdressing mineral potash （hydrothermal method），wood peat derived potassium humate could significantly improve the available K，slow-release K content of soil and potassium contents of the middle，lower leaves’. Compared with the control，the content of available K was increased by 13.55% and 12.10% at 0-15 cm soil horizon，the content of slow-release K was increased by 19.73% and 18.90% at 15-30 cm soil horizon，the content of potassium in the middle with lower leaves was increased by 21.58% and 15.68%，and the nicotine content in the middle and lower leaves of mineral potash （hydrothermal method） was decreased by 21.47% and 17.02%.The conclusion is that topdressing mineral potash （hydrothermal method），wood peat derived potassium humate before cultivation hilling can improve the ability of tobacco soil in maintaining potassium， improve soil acidification， increase tobacco adventitious root and biomass， and improve the quality of tobacco.
　　Keywords： cultivation hilling；potassium-rich soil conditioner；adventitious root；chemical quality； potassium

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