高端產(chǎn)業(yè):膠東半島的新命題:膠東半島

        發(fā)布時(shí)間:2020-03-11 來(lái)源: 散文精選 點(diǎn)擊:

          改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),膠東半島以豐富的資源優(yōu)勢(shì)和優(yōu)越的地理位置,獲得了外來(lái)資本和產(chǎn)業(yè)的優(yōu)先權(quán),經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)快速發(fā)展。建設(shè)膠東半島高端產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集區(qū),是山東省在新形勢(shì)下提升膠東半島產(chǎn)業(yè)水平和經(jīng)濟(jì)質(zhì)量的又一重大戰(zhàn)略。
          
          Ever since China’s reform and opening-up, with its rich resource advantages and favorable geographic location, Jiaodong Peninsula has had the privilege of attracting external capital and industries. Consequently, its economy and society have gained rapid development. The construction of an accumulation area of high-end industries is another important strategy Shandong Province will implement under the new situation to promote the industrial level and economic quality of Jiaodong Peninsula.
          
          從進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)以來(lái),膠東半島正在一步步從一個(gè)地理名詞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻?jīng)濟(jì)概念。改革開(kāi)放的春風(fēng),讓膠東半島以豐富的資源和優(yōu)越的區(qū)位,成為山東改革開(kāi)放的近水樓臺(tái),經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)快速發(fā)展,區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯,在全省經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中處在了龍頭地位。
          2009年,在轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)方式、調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的大理念下,山東省提出了建設(shè)膠東半島高端產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集區(qū)的發(fā)展思路,意在提升膠東半島的產(chǎn)業(yè)水平,提高區(qū)域競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,打造山東新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)極。
          
          膠東半島新布局
          高端產(chǎn)業(yè)是指以高新技術(shù)為核心、以高端產(chǎn)品為標(biāo)志、以產(chǎn)業(yè)組織體系的高端化為主體的現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)體系,具有科技含量高、企業(yè)規(guī)模大、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益好、資源消耗低、環(huán)境污染少的特點(diǎn)。
          從世界產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)看,高端產(chǎn)業(yè)涉及一二三次產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)域,涵蓋整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)布局的產(chǎn)業(yè)體系,滲透于傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)、高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)、新興產(chǎn)業(yè)等多類產(chǎn)業(yè)之中,代表著現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整方向。建設(shè)高端產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集區(qū),能更有效實(shí)現(xiàn)高端產(chǎn)業(yè)的集聚發(fā)展,能夠大幅度提升經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的層次和水平,輻射帶動(dòng)區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí),促進(jìn)現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)體系的形成,對(duì)于加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式,促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)又好又快發(fā)展具有十分重要的意義。
          膠東半島高端產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集區(qū)主要包括青島、煙臺(tái)、威海、濰坊四市。這一區(qū)域區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯,產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)較好,科技水平和經(jīng)濟(jì)外向度較高,發(fā)展?jié)摿艽?是山東優(yōu)質(zhì)資源富集地帶,在全省經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中具有重要的戰(zhàn)略地位和帶動(dòng)作用。資料顯示,2008年,膠東半島地區(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)總值占全省的39.1%,高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)值占全省的51.3%。膠東半島已經(jīng)具備了加快提升發(fā)展水平的條件和基礎(chǔ)。
          膠東半島高端產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集區(qū)概念的提出始于2009年初。在山東“兩會(huì)”上,中共山東省委副書(shū)記、省長(zhǎng)姜大明在政府工作報(bào)告中提出:“要建設(shè)以青島為龍頭的膠東半島高端產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集區(qū),加快產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí),推動(dòng)一般加工業(yè)向中西部地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移,全力發(fā)展先進(jìn)制造業(yè)、高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)和現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè),推動(dòng)?xùn)|部地區(qū)率先發(fā)展!
          隨后,山東省發(fā)展和改革委員會(huì)經(jīng)多方論證后制定出臺(tái)了《關(guān)于建設(shè)膠東半島高端產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集區(qū)的意見(jiàn)》,目的是要充分發(fā)揮膠東半島綜合優(yōu)勢(shì),進(jìn)一步釋放潛能,增強(qiáng)區(qū)域競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和輻射帶動(dòng)作用,搶占經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展制高點(diǎn),確保膠東半島繼續(xù)保持率先發(fā)展的強(qiáng)勁態(tài)勢(shì)。
          而在今年的山東“兩會(huì)”上,姜大明特別指出,山東將扎實(shí)推進(jìn)膠東半島高端產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集區(qū)建設(shè),抓緊編制膠東半島高端產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集區(qū)發(fā)展規(guī)劃,立足于世界技術(shù)前沿,努力打造高端產(chǎn)業(yè)、高端產(chǎn)品和高端技術(shù)自主創(chuàng)新平臺(tái),提高產(chǎn)業(yè)核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,形成黃渤海地區(qū)新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)極。
          膠東半島高端產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集區(qū)建設(shè)進(jìn)入實(shí)質(zhì)性發(fā)展階段。
          產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展新方向
          建設(shè)膠東半島高端產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集區(qū)的主要內(nèi)容是加快膠東半島產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí),就是要把握現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展趨勢(shì),積極承接國(guó)際產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移,立足現(xiàn)有基礎(chǔ)和產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì),以建設(shè)現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)體系為目標(biāo),以改革開(kāi)放和科技創(chuàng)新為動(dòng)力,以調(diào)整優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)和轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展方式為根本途徑,大力實(shí)施高端、高質(zhì)、高效產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,促進(jìn)一二三次產(chǎn)業(yè)向更高層次發(fā)展,全力打造高技術(shù)含量、高附加值、高成長(zhǎng)性的高端產(chǎn)業(yè)集群,把膠東半島建設(shè)成為國(guó)內(nèi)一流、國(guó)際先進(jìn)的技術(shù)密集、知識(shí)密集、人才密集、金融密集、服務(wù)密集的高端產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集區(qū),帶動(dòng)和促進(jìn)全省經(jīng)濟(jì)又好又快發(fā)展。
          在膠東半島高端產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集區(qū)建設(shè)中,6大產(chǎn)業(yè)被委以重任。
          高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)是高端產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,膠東半島要整合創(chuàng)新資源,掌握自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán),把握高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的主動(dòng)權(quán),重點(diǎn)發(fā)展計(jì)算機(jī)、通信、信息家電、數(shù)字化設(shè)備、集成電路與軟件、平板顯示、光電子與太陽(yáng)能光伏、特種金屬材料及制品、新能源及生物質(zhì)能、重大新藥創(chuàng)制及技術(shù)裝備等10大高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)。以產(chǎn)業(yè)為支撐,打造一批高新技術(shù)特色產(chǎn)業(yè)基地,形成一批在國(guó)內(nèi)外市場(chǎng)具有較強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群。
          膠東半島具有發(fā)展裝備制造業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)和優(yōu)勢(shì),要打造掌握自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的核心技術(shù)、有較強(qiáng)國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的先進(jìn)裝備制造業(yè)體系,把交通運(yùn)輸裝備、數(shù)控機(jī)床、行業(yè)專用設(shè)備、新能源設(shè)備、航空航天設(shè)備等5大產(chǎn)業(yè)作為發(fā)展重點(diǎn),提高先進(jìn)裝備制造業(yè)發(fā)展的規(guī)模和水平。
          傳統(tǒng)制造業(yè)是膠東半島的強(qiáng)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè),發(fā)展高端制造業(yè)要堅(jiān)持走新型工業(yè)化道路,推動(dòng)工業(yè)化與信息化相融合,積極運(yùn)用高新技術(shù)特別是信息技術(shù),大力改造提升輕工、紡織、機(jī)械、化工、冶金、建材等6大傳統(tǒng)優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè),發(fā)展高附加值產(chǎn)品,推動(dòng)傳統(tǒng)優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)由大變強(qiáng)。
          現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)是高端產(chǎn)業(yè)的重點(diǎn)之一。要著力發(fā)展金融保險(xiǎn)、工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)、現(xiàn)代物流、服務(wù)外包、信息服務(wù)、科技服務(wù)、環(huán)保服務(wù)、數(shù)字創(chuàng)意、電子商務(wù)和會(huì)展、文化旅游、體育健身、休閑娛樂(lè)等服務(wù)業(yè)。堅(jiān)持現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)與先進(jìn)制造業(yè)互動(dòng)發(fā)展規(guī)律,開(kāi)辟服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展新空間。
          積極發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)。在膠東半島農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展水平較高的基礎(chǔ)上,以發(fā)展高產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效、生態(tài)、安全農(nóng)業(yè)為目標(biāo),以生物利用技術(shù)、農(nóng)業(yè)信息化技術(shù)、高效低殘留農(nóng)業(yè)投入品和新型農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)施設(shè)備等高端技術(shù)為重點(diǎn),大力發(fā)展精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)和高端農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建設(shè)一批以農(nóng)產(chǎn)品精深加工、儲(chǔ)運(yùn)物流為主的高端涉農(nóng)企業(yè),構(gòu)建區(qū)域高端農(nóng)業(yè)的基本框架。
          海洋產(chǎn)業(yè)是膠東半島的特色產(chǎn)業(yè)。發(fā)展海洋高端產(chǎn)業(yè),就要科學(xué)開(kāi)發(fā)海洋資源,培育海洋優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè),促進(jìn)海洋高端產(chǎn)業(yè)加快聚集。大力發(fā)展海洋特種船舶、大型專業(yè)遠(yuǎn)洋漁船、豪華游輪、海洋工程機(jī)械、海上鉆井平臺(tái)等設(shè)備制造,大力開(kāi)展海洋油氣、天然氣、海底礦產(chǎn)等海洋資源的勘探開(kāi)采輸送和精細(xì)加工,積極開(kāi)發(fā)優(yōu)勢(shì)系列石化產(chǎn)品。實(shí)施以現(xiàn)代生物技術(shù)為重點(diǎn)的海水養(yǎng)殖育種工程,發(fā)展以生物萃取技術(shù)為重點(diǎn)的海洋食品精深加工業(yè)。大力推進(jìn)海洋生物制品、新型海洋醫(yī)藥保健品、海洋功能性食品的研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)。突出發(fā)展濱海旅游,著力開(kāi)發(fā)高端旅游產(chǎn)品。推進(jìn)海水淡化和海水系統(tǒng)綜合利用,加快發(fā)展波能、潮汐等海洋新能源產(chǎn)業(yè)。
          
          區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)新動(dòng)力
          促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集發(fā)展,是加快建設(shè)高端產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集區(qū)的主要標(biāo)志和重要目標(biāo)。著眼于高效配置利用高端產(chǎn)業(yè)資源,優(yōu)化高端產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集區(qū)布局,膠東半島的產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集力度不斷加大。
          經(jīng)過(guò)改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)30多年的發(fā)展,膠東半島無(wú)論是經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力還是產(chǎn)業(yè)水平,在山東都位于前列。為了推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)向高端、高質(zhì)、高效提升,首先要促進(jìn)更多的高端產(chǎn)業(yè)要素向重點(diǎn)地區(qū)配置,加快高端產(chǎn)業(yè)區(qū)域化聚集步伐。
          膠東半島高端產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集區(qū)突出青島的龍頭地位,依托青島的港口優(yōu)勢(shì)、科技優(yōu)勢(shì)、人才優(yōu)勢(shì)和城市品牌優(yōu)勢(shì),加快建設(shè)區(qū)域性貿(mào)易中心、航運(yùn)中心、旅游中心、金融中心、高科技產(chǎn)業(yè)中心、科技研發(fā)中心,著力增強(qiáng)研發(fā)創(chuàng)新功能和高端服務(wù)功能,在高端產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集區(qū)建設(shè)中發(fā)揮引領(lǐng)和輻射帶動(dòng)作用。
          對(duì)于高端產(chǎn)業(yè)區(qū)內(nèi)的煙臺(tái)、威海、濰坊三大中心城市,主要加強(qiáng)城區(qū)和城際基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),完善綜合服務(wù)功能,加快建設(shè)優(yōu)勢(shì)突出、特色鮮明的高端產(chǎn)業(yè)體系,增強(qiáng)對(duì)高端產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集區(qū)建設(shè)的支撐作用。
          膠東半島高端產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集區(qū)的另一發(fā)展方向就是促進(jìn)高端產(chǎn)業(yè)向園區(qū)聚集。膠東半島地區(qū)集中了山東省發(fā)展水平較高的國(guó)家級(jí)園區(qū)和省級(jí)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū),已經(jīng)初步形成了區(qū)位環(huán)境、產(chǎn)業(yè)等園區(qū)發(fā)展比較優(yōu)勢(shì)。在高端產(chǎn)業(yè)區(qū)建設(shè)中,必須適應(yīng)高端產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的規(guī)律和聚集特點(diǎn),著力改善園區(qū)綜合環(huán)境,不斷促進(jìn)園區(qū)功能升級(jí),更好地發(fā)揮產(chǎn)業(yè)承載和聚集能力,加快引進(jìn)外資大項(xiàng)目特別是高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)龍頭項(xiàng)目,積極承接國(guó)際高端產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移,帶動(dòng)配套產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展,實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)際高端優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集發(fā)展。
          高端產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集區(qū)建設(shè)對(duì)區(qū)域內(nèi)的骨干企業(yè)提出了新的要求。作為主要的產(chǎn)業(yè)載體,骨干企業(yè)要充分發(fā)揮區(qū)域內(nèi)骨干大企業(yè)的引領(lǐng)和帶動(dòng)作用。以大型骨干企業(yè)為主體,建立一批高端產(chǎn)業(yè)基地;推動(dòng)大企業(yè)集團(tuán)和國(guó)際大型跨國(guó)公司開(kāi)展戰(zhàn)略合作,進(jìn)入全球產(chǎn)業(yè)分工體系,開(kāi)展國(guó)際化經(jīng)營(yíng),培育一批擁有高端技術(shù)、高端產(chǎn)品和知名品牌,具有較強(qiáng)帶動(dòng)作用和國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的大型企業(yè)集團(tuán)。
          
          In 2009, under the general idea of transforming the economic mode and adjusting the industrial structure, Shandong Province initiated the development thinking of constructing an accumulation area of high-end industries in the Jiaodong Peninsula, with the aim of promoting the industrial level of the Jiaodong Peninsula, enhancing regional competence and building a new economic growth pole in Shandong Province.
          At the “two sessions” of Shandong Province, Jiang Daming, Vice Secretary of the CPC Shandong Provincial Committee and Governor of Shandong Province specially pointed out that Shandong would firmly proceed with the construction of the accumulation area of high-end industries in the Jiaodong Peninsula and grasp all opportunities to program the development planning concerning the accumulation area of high-end industries in the Jiaodong Peninsula. Based on international cutting-edge technology, Shandong will build up the new platform for high-end industries, high-end products and high-end technology innovations, boost the competence of core industries, and form a new economic growth pole in the regions along the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea.
          The accumulation area of high-end industries in the Jiaodong Peninsula mainly covers four cities: Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai and Weifang. This region has remarkable geographic advantages, a sound industrial foundation, a high scientific and technological level and a foreign-oriented economic level. With great development potential, this region is the concentration region of quality resources in Shandong Province. Therefore, it occupies an important strategic position and plays a promotion role in the economic and social development of the entire province of Shandong.
          The main tasks in building up the accumulation area of high-end industries in the Jiaodong Peninsula include speeding up the industrial upgrading of the Jiaodong Peninsula, making efforts to implement the development strategy of high-end, quality and efficient industries, promoting the primary, secondary and tertiary industries to allow them to develop onto a higher level and making an effort to build up high-end industrial groups featuring high technological contents, high added value and high growth of maturity so as to build the Jiaodong Peninsula into a domestic top-grade and international advanced accumulation area of high-end industries that are technology intensive, knowledge intensive, talent intensive, finance intensive and service intensive, and so promote the sound economic development of the entire province.
          In the construction of the accumulation area of high-end industries in the Jiaodong Peninsula, six industries―hi-tech industry, equipment manufacturing industry, high-end manufacturing industry, modern service industry, ocean high-end industry and modern agriculture―will take the strain.
          The accumulation area of high-grade industries in the Jiaodong Peninsula will give prominence to the leading position of Qingdao. Counting on Qingdao’s harbor advantages, scientific and technological advantages, talents advantages and city brand advantages, the regional trading center, shipping center, tourism center, financial center, hi-tech industrial center and scientific and technological R&D center will be established there. Efforts will be made to strengthen the R&D and innovation functions and high-end service functions, which will play the leading and radiating role in the construction of the accumulation area of high-end industries.
          As far as other three cities in the accumulation area―Yantai, Weihai and Weifang―are concerned, efforts will be made on the construction of the urban and inter-city infrastructure so as to improve their comprehensive service functions and build up a high-end industrial system featuring prominent advantages and remarkable characteristics to strengthen the support function in the construction of the accumulation area of high-end industries.
          
          膠東半島
          膠東半島也稱山東半島,是中國(guó)最大的半島,位于山東省東部,突出于黃海、渤海之間,隔渤海與遼東半島遙遙相對(duì)。山東半島有大、小山東半島之分。大山東半島是壽光小清河口和日照嵐山蘇魯交界處的繡針河口兩點(diǎn)連線以東的部分,包括青島、煙臺(tái)、威海市的全部以及濰坊、日照、東營(yíng)市的部分地區(qū)。小山東半島指的是膠萊河以東的地區(qū)。
          因?yàn)槲挥谏綎|省東部南面有個(gè)城市叫“膠州”, 在此段彎曲的海岸叫“膠州灣”,所以半島被稱作膠東半島。
          膠東半島經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)較早。公元前8世紀(jì)的春秋時(shí)代,漁鹽業(yè)已逐步發(fā)展。戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代,冶鐵業(yè)和絲麻紡織已有較高水平。漢代成為著名的“東方谷倉(cāng)”。唐代登州、萊州是對(duì)外交往的重要港口。明清時(shí)期,膠州成為中國(guó)北方最大的貿(mào)易口岸。鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以后經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展遲緩,青島、威海市先后被外國(guó)列強(qiáng)割占。
          1949年以后,半島地區(qū)優(yōu)勢(shì)條件才得以發(fā)揮,成為全國(guó)著名的花生、果品、水產(chǎn)品和柞蠶絲生產(chǎn)基地。特別是改革開(kāi)放以后,大量外來(lái)資本和企業(yè)涌入膠東半島,各類經(jīng)濟(jì)形式迅速發(fā)展,經(jīng)濟(jì)突飛猛進(jìn),形成了以制造業(yè)為主的完備的產(chǎn)業(yè)體系,經(jīng)濟(jì)質(zhì)量不斷提升,整體實(shí)力位居全省前列。進(jìn)入新世紀(jì),隨著膠東半島制造業(yè)基地、半島城市群、半島高端產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集區(qū)等一系列戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施,膠東半島進(jìn)入一個(gè)更好更快的發(fā)展時(shí)期。

        相關(guān)熱詞搜索:膠東半島 命題 產(chǎn)業(yè) 高端產(chǎn)業(yè):膠東半島的新命題 高端產(chǎn)業(yè) 高端產(chǎn)業(yè)加速聚集

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