XQ生防菌防治煙草青枯病研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-08-23 來(lái)源: 幽默笑話 點(diǎn)擊:
摘 要:為了研究XQ生防菌對(duì)煙草青枯病的防治效果,以云煙87為供試烤煙品種,通過(guò)大田試驗(yàn)探討了噴施XQ生防菌對(duì)烤煙農(nóng)藝性狀、煙草青枯病防效、煙葉物理特性、化學(xué)成分及經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的影響。結(jié)果表明:施用XQ生防菌后烤煙的長(zhǎng)勢(shì)旺盛,烤煙青枯病發(fā)病率降低、病情指數(shù)降低,移栽120 d后相對(duì)防效為81.87%;烤后煙葉物理特性較好,煙葉內(nèi)部化學(xué)成分更趨協(xié)調(diào),中上等煙比例和均價(jià)有所提升;同時(shí),烤煙的產(chǎn)量和產(chǎn)值分別比對(duì)照高258.71 kg/hm2和13 094.69元/hm2,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益得到顯著提高。這說(shuō)明XQ生防菌制劑對(duì)烤煙青枯病的防治效果較好。
關(guān)鍵詞:烤煙;XQ生防菌;青枯;防效
中圖分類號(hào):S435.72 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-060X(2016)06-0042-04
Abstract:In order to study the control effect of XQ bio-control bacteria on the tobacco bacterial wilt, taking Yunyan 87 as test material, the influence of tobacco agronomic traits, tobacco bacterial wilt control effect, physical properties and chemical composition of tobacco leaf, and the economic benefits were analyzed through field experiment.The results showed that the application of XQ bio-control bacteria flue-cured tobacco had vigorous growth vigor, low bacterial wilt incidence, the relative control effect was 81.87% after transplanting 120 d. After baking tobacco had good physical properties, tobacco chemical composition became more internal coordination, and the proportion of superior tobacco and average price increased. Meanwhile, Flue-cured tobacco yield and output value were higher than control by 258.71 kg/hm2 and 13 094.69 yuan/hm2(RMB), respectively, the economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco improved significantly. This showed good effect spraying XQ bio-control bacteria to control flue-cured tobacco bacterial wilt.
Key words: flue-cured tobacco; XQ bio-control bacteria; bacterial wilt; control effect
目前,國(guó)內(nèi)防治烤煙青枯病的主要手段是化學(xué)藥物[1-3]。但是,長(zhǎng)期使用這類農(nóng)藥將導(dǎo)致病害逐漸產(chǎn)生抗藥性,使得農(nóng)藥的劑量和使用次數(shù)不斷增加,從而進(jìn)入一個(gè)惡性循環(huán);與此同時(shí)煙葉中藥物的殘留量不斷上升,嚴(yán)重影響煙葉品質(zhì)[4-7]。近年來(lái),利用生物農(nóng)藥即生物菌劑防治作物病害的研究越來(lái)越受到關(guān)注[8-10]。XQ生防菌劑是由中國(guó)煙草中南農(nóng)業(yè)試驗(yàn)站與湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)合作研發(fā)的。在煙草上施用該菌劑,一方面可以防治煙草青枯病等土傳性病害,另一方面還可促進(jìn)煙草根系活力。因此,試驗(yàn)以云煙87為供試烤煙品種,通過(guò)田間試驗(yàn)研究生物菌劑對(duì)煙株青枯病的防效,以解決制約湘西自治州煙葉產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的土傳病危害。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗(yàn)材料
供試煙田是往年青枯病連作發(fā)病地塊,供試烤煙品種為云煙87。供試藥劑為XQ生防菌制劑和72%農(nóng)用鏈霉素(重慶科瑞.新朝陽(yáng)化工廠)。
1.2 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)
試驗(yàn)為單因素隨機(jī)區(qū)組試驗(yàn),共設(shè)3個(gè)處理:T1,施用XQ生防菌制劑;T2,施用72%農(nóng)用鏈霉素;CK,清水對(duì)照。每個(gè)處理重復(fù)4次,小區(qū)面積667m2,隨機(jī)排列,小區(qū)四周設(shè)置保護(hù)行。各處理藥劑均施藥兩次,分別于移栽時(shí)、移栽后25 d使用。采用根部澆灌,用藥量300 mL/667m2,對(duì)水稀釋800倍,每株施250 mL。
烤煙株行距1.20 m×0.45 m,采用常規(guī)管理,施藥防治烤煙蟲(chóng)害和煙草花葉病,其他栽培管理技術(shù)按湘西州烤煙生產(chǎn)技術(shù)方案執(zhí)行。
1.3 觀察項(xiàng)目及方法
1.3.1 青枯病病情調(diào)查 調(diào)查方法:分別在移栽后30、60、90和120 d調(diào)查各處理煙草青枯病的發(fā)病率和病情指數(shù),并計(jì)算防治效果。每個(gè)小區(qū)隨機(jī)選擇3個(gè)點(diǎn),每個(gè)點(diǎn)20株共60株按病情標(biāo)準(zhǔn)調(diào)查并記錄發(fā)病等級(jí)。青枯病病情分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn):0級(jí),無(wú)病;1級(jí),莖部偶有褪綠斑,或病側(cè)有少數(shù)葉片凋萎;2級(jí),莖部有黑色條斑,但尚未達(dá)到頂部,或病株1/2以上葉片凋萎;3級(jí),莖部黑色條斑達(dá)到植株頂部,或病株2/3以上葉片凋萎;4級(jí),病株基本枯死。發(fā)病率、病情指數(shù)和防治效果分別按下式計(jì)算。
發(fā)病率(%)=(發(fā)病株數(shù)/調(diào)查株數(shù))×100
病情指數(shù)(%)=[∑(發(fā)病等級(jí)×該等級(jí)發(fā)病株數(shù))/
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